A SK-NEP-1 cells, (1.5×106 cells) were injected into the subcapsular space of the left kidney in 6 week old female athymic nude mice. After three weeks, the renal tumors were directly injected with either control vehicle (PBS +10% glycerol/50 µL, n = 6) or M002 oncolytic herpes simplex virus (1×107 PFU/50 µL, n = 7). Two weeks following treatment, the animals were euthanized and the kidney tumors were harvested, measured with a caliper and weighed. B Tumor volumes in the animals treated with M002 were half those of animals treated with vehicle only (bar = mean). C Tumor weights following M002 treatment were also nearly half of those of vehicle treated tumors (bar = mean). D Formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded samples of vehicle treated SK-NEP-1 tumor specimens were stained for hematoxylin and eosin. Examination of these kidney tumor specimens revealed native tumor architecture consisting of sheets of small round blue cells. Representative photomicrographs at 10× with enlarged area of detail at 40×. E Formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded samples of M002 treated SK-NEP-1 tumor specimens were stained for hematoxylin and eosin. These specimens showed tumor necrosis (open arrow) and hemorrhage (pink area), and inflammatory cell infiltrates (closed arrow). Representative photomicrographs at 10× with enlarged area of detail at 40×.