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. 2014 Jan 23;20:103–109. doi: 10.12659/MSM.889875

Table 1.

Common vascular markers for endothelial angiosarcoma.

Immunostain Antigen Description Result Comment Source
BNH9 Monoclonal antibody against blood group related H and Y antigen Positive 72% Strongly positive, diffuse; negative for all other soft tissue sarcomas except angiosarcoma Delsol et al., 1991; Meis-Kindblom and Kindblom, 1998
CD31 Transmembrane glycoprotein; seen in inflammation and angiogenesis Positive 90% Highly sensitive and specific for vascular neoplasm; also identifies macrophages, megakaryocytes, and plasma cells De Young et al., 1998; Weiss and Goldblum, 2001; Pusztaszeri et al., 2006; Folpe, 2010
CD34 Hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen Positive 50–74% Less sensitive than CD31; prevalent in areas of enhanced vascular differentiation; also seen in epithelioid sarcoma Heim-Hall and Yohe, 2008; Folpe, 2010
Cytokeratin Intermediate filament Positive 35% Focally expressed; often associated with epithelial angiosarcoma and carcinomas Meis-Kindblom and Kindblom, 1998; Folpe, 2010
FLI-1* ETS family of transcription factors; involved in cell proliferation and tumorigenesis Positive 100% Extremely sensitive and specific for diagnosing vascular tumors; can be seen on hematopoietic cells; also used to diagnose Ewing/PNET Pusztaszeri et al., 2006; Heim-Hall and Yohe, 2008
Ki67 Proliferation index High in 83% Prognostic factor; considered high if Ki67 value ≥10% Meis-Kindblom and Kindblom, 1998
p53 Tumor suppressor Positive 20% Considered positive if nuclear staining ≥20% Naka et al., 1997; Meis-Kindblom and Kindblom, 1998
Vimentin Intermediate filament Positive Accents endothelial cells and vessel lumen formation; also expressed in melanoma and lymphoma Meis-Kindblom and Kindblom, 1998; Weiss and Goldblum, 2001
von Willebrand factor** Glycoprotein; mediates platelet adhesion Positive Focal appearance, highly specific; least sensitive marker, especially if inadequately differentiated; also expressed by megakaryocytes Weiss and Goldblum, 2001; Heim-Hall and Yohe, 2008; Folpe, 2010
*

Friend leukemia virus integration-1;

**

Factor VIII related antigen.