Table 1.
Immunostain | Antigen Description | Result | Comment | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
BNH9 | Monoclonal antibody against blood group related H and Y antigen | Positive 72% | Strongly positive, diffuse; negative for all other soft tissue sarcomas except angiosarcoma | Delsol et al., 1991; Meis-Kindblom and Kindblom, 1998 |
CD31 | Transmembrane glycoprotein; seen in inflammation and angiogenesis | Positive 90% | Highly sensitive and specific for vascular neoplasm; also identifies macrophages, megakaryocytes, and plasma cells | De Young et al., 1998; Weiss and Goldblum, 2001; Pusztaszeri et al., 2006; Folpe, 2010 |
CD34 | Hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen | Positive 50–74% | Less sensitive than CD31; prevalent in areas of enhanced vascular differentiation; also seen in epithelioid sarcoma | Heim-Hall and Yohe, 2008; Folpe, 2010 |
Cytokeratin | Intermediate filament | Positive 35% | Focally expressed; often associated with epithelial angiosarcoma and carcinomas | Meis-Kindblom and Kindblom, 1998; Folpe, 2010 |
FLI-1* | ETS family of transcription factors; involved in cell proliferation and tumorigenesis | Positive 100% | Extremely sensitive and specific for diagnosing vascular tumors; can be seen on hematopoietic cells; also used to diagnose Ewing/PNET | Pusztaszeri et al., 2006; Heim-Hall and Yohe, 2008 |
Ki67 | Proliferation index | High in 83% | Prognostic factor; considered high if Ki67 value ≥10% | Meis-Kindblom and Kindblom, 1998 |
p53 | Tumor suppressor | Positive 20% | Considered positive if nuclear staining ≥20% | Naka et al., 1997; Meis-Kindblom and Kindblom, 1998 |
Vimentin | Intermediate filament | Positive | Accents endothelial cells and vessel lumen formation; also expressed in melanoma and lymphoma | Meis-Kindblom and Kindblom, 1998; Weiss and Goldblum, 2001 |
von Willebrand factor** | Glycoprotein; mediates platelet adhesion | Positive | Focal appearance, highly specific; least sensitive marker, especially if inadequately differentiated; also expressed by megakaryocytes | Weiss and Goldblum, 2001; Heim-Hall and Yohe, 2008; Folpe, 2010 |
Friend leukemia virus integration-1;
Factor VIII related antigen.