Figure 1. The pharmacological compounds phenformin, resveratrol and AICAR alter the compartment-specific concentration and subcellular distribution of the nucleolar protein B23.

B23 was detected by indirect immunolocalization in controls treated with vehicle (DMSO, D; water, W), phenformin (Phen, Ph), resveratrol (Res) or AICAR (AIC). Confocal images were acquired and fluorescence intensities were quantified for subcellular compartments. (A) Antibody staining is shown for B23, nuclei were identified with DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole). Size bar is 20 µm. Graphs depict the changes in nuclear (Nuc), cytoplasmic (Cyt) and nucleolar (No) compartments. Data are shown as pixel intensities/area+SEM. Fluorescence intensities for controls (DMSO, Water) were defined as 1. Furthermore, the nuclear/cytoplasmic, nucleolar/nuclear and nucleolar/cytoplasmic ratio was calculated for each treatment. (B) Single cell analyses were performed to evaluate changes in the nuclear/cytoplasmic and nucleolar/nuclear distribution of B23. Trendlines were added and results for linear regression are shown.