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Gene expression changes of CTGF and VEGF in diabetic retina after dual-target intervention using ranibizumab and CTGF shRNA. (A) Relative CTGF mRNA levels in diabetic and normal retinas; (B) Relative VEGF mRNA levels in diabetic and normal retinas. The bottom panel indicates the intervention to which the diabetic rats were subjected, + indicates with the intervention, − indicates without. The data represent mean ± SE, n = 5, * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001.
