Table I.

Crude associations of caste, covariates and mental health outcomes (n=307).

	Covariate association with caste				Covariate association with mental health outcomes
	Dalit/Nepali (n=75)	High Caste1 (n=232)	Dalit/Nepali vs. High Caste		Depression (BDI)		Anxiety (BAI)
	No. (%)	No. (%)	OR (95% CI)2	p-value	β (95% CI) 3	p-value	β (95% CI) 3	p-value
Gender
Female	17 (22.7)	104 (44.8)	0.36 (0.20—0.66)	.001	3.15 (1.09—5.20)	.003	4.21 (1.99—6.42)	<.001
Male	58 (77.3)	127 (55.2)	1 [Ref.]		[Ref.]		[Ref.]
SLEs
0-9 events	11 (14.7)	63 (27.2)	1 [Ref.]		[Ref.]		[Ref.]
10-14 events	24 (32.0)	94 (40.5)	1.46 (0.67—3.20)	.34	2.11 (-0.422—4.64)	0.10	2.41 (-0.24—5.07)	.08
15-20 events	19 (25.3)	53 (22.8)	2.05 (0.90—4.70)	.09	4.67 (1.84—7.50)	.001	6.84 (3.88—9.81)	<.001
21+ events	21 (28.8)	22 (9.5)	5.47 (2.28—13.13)	<.001	8.56 (5.29—1.84)	<.001	11.75 (8.31—15.18)	<.001
Income
No income	49 (65.3)	91 (39.2)	2.92 (1.70—5.03)	<.001	5.47 (3.51—7.42)	<.001	5.87 (3.74—7.99)	<.001
Any income	26 (34.7)	141 (60.8)	1 [Ref.]		[Ref.]		[Ref.]
Livestock
0-6 animals	66 (88.0)	127 (54.7)	6.06 (2.88—12.74)	<.001	3.75 (1.68—5.81)	<.001	3.52 (1.26—5.78)	.002
7+ animals	9 (12.0)	105 (45.3)	1 [Ref.]		[Ref.]		[Ref.]
Social Support
4 or less types	21 (28.0)	31 (13.4)	2.52 (1.34—4.74)	.004	2.67 (-0.03—5.37)	.05	4.47 (1.54—7.38)	.003
5 or greater types	54 (72.0)	201 (86.6)	1 [Ref.]		[Ref.]		[Ref.]

¹High caste includes Brahman and Chhetri castes.

²Logistic regression used to assess crude association of caste with covariates. High Caste is reference group.

³Simple linear regression coefficients (β) of covariates for mental health outcome scores (treated as continuous variables).