Table IV.
Direct and indirect effects for Dalit/Nepali caste versus High Caste on depression and anxiety scales (n=307).
| Depression (BDI total score) | Anxiety (BAI total score) | |
|---|---|---|
|
| ||
| Effect3 (95% CI) | Effect3 (95% CI) | |
| Model 11:total caste effect (without mediators) | ||
| Caste (Dalit/Nepali vs. High Caste [ref]) | 4.33 (2.21—6.45)3 | 7.86 (5.48—10.23)3 |
| Gender (Female vs. Male [ref]) | 4.51 (2.67—6.35) | 5.88 (3.83—7.94) |
| Age (year increase) | 0.29 (0.22—0.36) | 0.15 (0.07—0.23) |
| Model 22:direct effects | ||
| Direct effects of caste and covariates/potential confounders | ||
| Caste4 (Dalit/Nepali vs. High Caste [ref]) | 1.08 (-1.10—3.27) | 4.76 (2.33—7.19) |
| Gender (Female vs. Male [ref]) | 3.93 (2.20—5.66) | 5.45 (3.53—7.38) |
| Age (year increase) | 0.30 (0.23—0.36) | 0.15 (0.07—0.22) |
| Direct effects of potential mediators | ||
| SLEs (4 ordinal levels vs. lowest SLEs [ref]) | 1.43 (0.52—2.35) | 2.67 (1.66—3.69) |
| Livestock (0 thru 6 animals vs. 7 or more animals [ref]) | 3.90 (2.09—5.70) | 2.14 (0.13—4.15) |
| Income (no income vs. any income [ref]) | 2.85 (1.02—4.67) | 1.83 (-0.20—3.85) |
| Social support (0 thru 4 types vs. 5 or more types [ref]) | 1.97 (-0.28—4.21) | 3.09 (0.59—5.59) |
| Model 22:indirect (mediation) effects | ||
| Total indirect effect | 3.25 (2.13—4.49)5 | 3.10 (1.83—4.71)5 |
| Specific indirect effects5 | ||
| SLEs (4 ordinal levels vs. lowest SLEs [ref]) | 0.72 (0.24—1.48) | 1.35 (0.60—2.37) |
| Livestock (0 thru 6 animals vs. 7 or more animals [ref]) | 1.47 (0.75—2.36) | 0.81 (0.10—1.61) |
| Income (no income vs. any income [ref]) | 0.77 (0.26—1.64) | 0.49 (0.01—1.25) |
| Social support (0 thru 4 types vs. 5 or more types [ref]) | 0.29 (-0.03—1.00) | 0.45 (0.07—1.21) |
Model 1: Covariates/independent variables are caste, age, Gender.
Model 2: Covariates/independent variables are caste, age, Gender, and the potential mediators (stressful life events, livestock, income, and social support).
Effects for Model 1 and for direct effects in Model 2 are OLS linear regression coefficients with Wald confidence intervals.
This is the “direct effect” of caste, or the effect of caste not attributable to the mediators that are included in the model.
Indirect effects for Model 2 are bootstrap point estimates with 2.5th and 97.5th percentile confidence intervals, analogous to 95% confidence intervals. Number of boostrap resamples=5000.