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. 2013 Jul 12;108(12):2129–2138. doi: 10.1111/add.12268

Table 4.

Population-attributable risk fractions (PARF) for problematic cannabis use (compared with no use/non-problematic use) for imputation sample of 7218

Predictor Reference category for predictor Risk category for predictor PARF
Housing tenure Mortgaged/owned/private rented Subsidized rented 13%
Maternal education A level or higher/O-level < O-level 7%
Social class Managerial/professional III or lower 16%
Maternal cannabis No Some use postnatally 17%
Maternal alcohol Less than daily Daily use 3%
Maternal smoking No Some use postnatally 24%
Postnatal maternal depressive symptoms Subthreshold throughout EPDS > 12 at some point 15%
Conduct problems Low/AO/CL EOP 25%

EPDS = Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; EOP = early onset persistent; AO = adolescent onset; CL = childhood limited.