Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of esophageal adenocarcinoma cases and controls
| Clinical parameter | Cases (total n = 309) |
Controls (total n = 279) |
p value comparing cases vs. controls |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | |||
| Male | 89% | 87% | 0.48** |
| Female | 11% | 13% | |
| Median age (range) | 64.0 (55–70) | 62.9 (55–72) | 0.96*** |
| Median BMI1 (range) | 23.1 (15–37) | 22.6 (14–36) | 0.01*** |
| Smoking status | |||
| Never smoker | 20% | 31% | 0.01** |
| Ex-smoker | 55% | 50% | |
| Current smoker | 25% | 19% | |
| Median pack-years of ever smokers (range) | 34.0 (15–55) | 30.0 (13–52) | 0.37*** |
| Caucasian race | 98% | 98% | 0.54** |
| Disease stage at diagnosis | |||
| I | 8% | – | |
| II | 40% | – | |
| III | 25% | – | |
| IV | 27% | – | |
| MMP1 1G/2G | |||
| 1G/1G | 25% | 34% | 0.01** |
| 1G/2G | 48% | 48% | |
| 2G/2G | 27% | 18% | |
| MMP3 6A/5A | |||
| 6A/6A | 19% | 23% | 0.08** |
| 6A/5A | 54% | 57% | |
| 5A/5A | 27% | 20% | |
| MMP12–82A/G | |||
| A/A | 77% | 81% | 0.12** |
| A/G | 21% | 18% | |
| G/G | 2% | 1% | |
| MMP12 1082A/G | |||
| A/A | 88% | 89% | 0.88** |
| A/G | 11% | 10% | |
| G/G | 1% | 1% | |
| GERD frequency | |||
| <1 month (GERD-free) | 51% | 78% | <0.001** |
| ≥1/month and ≤1/week | 27% | 14% | |
| >1/week | 22% | 8% | |
| GERD duration | |||
| <1 year | 34% | 78% | <0.001** |
| ≥1 and ≤15 years | 32% | 12% | |
| >15 years | 34% | 10% | |
| GERD cumulative severity 2 | |||
| Rare to no GERD | 34% | 78% | <0.001** |
| Mild to moderate | 53% | 18% | |
| Severe | 13% | 4% | |
| Alcohol history 3 | |||
| Yes | 94% | 91% | 0.33** |
| No | 6% | 9% |
1
Median BMI when patients were in their third decade of life.
2
Severe GERD = duration > 15 years and frequency > once per week. Rare/no GERD = duration < 1 year and frequency < once per month. Mild–moderate GERD = all others.
3
Alcohol history was only available for 246 cases and 67 controls.
**
Fisher’s exact test.
***
Wilcoxon rank sum test.