Table 1.

SNPs Independently Associated With Serum Lutein and Zeaxanthin Within Each Gene, in CAREDS (N = 1643)

Gene	SNP	Genotype	N	Mean Serum LZ	% Change From Reference	P Value
Xanthophyll binding in retina
STARD3	rs9892427	AA	1394	0.28	Ref.	0.01
		AG or GG	249	0.26	−8%
Carotenoid cleavage
BCMO1	rs11645428	GG	726	0.25	Ref.	<0.0001
		AG	732	0.30	20%
		AA	185	0.34	35%
	rs6564851	CC	436	0.24	Ref.	<0.0001
		AC	814	0.28	18%
		AA	391	0.32	33%
	rs7500996	AA	1100	0.27	Ref.	0.0002
		AG	478	0.30	8%
		GG	63	0.31	12%
HDL transport or status
ABCA1	rs2274873	GG	1310	0.29	Ref.	0.01
		AG or AA	318	0.27	−6%
	rs1331924	CC	1209	0.28	Ref.	0.03
		CG	386	0.29	6%
		GG	42	0.29	4%
ABCG5	rs10205816	AA	838	0.29	Ref.	0.03
		AG	667	0.27	−5%
		GG	138	0.28	−5%
ABCG8	rs13405698	AA	835	0.28	Ref.	0.01
		AG	664	0.28	2%
		GG	142	0.31	13%
	rs4953028	GG	491	0.29	Ref.	0.03
		AG	816	0.28	−2%
		AA	336	0.27	−7%
NPC1L1	rs217430	AA	954	0.28	Ref.	0.03
		AG	583	0.29	3%
		GG	102	0.30	9%
CETP	rs708272	GG	525	0.29	Ref.	0.05
		AG	804	0.28	−5%
		AA	313	0.28	−5%
Lipid and/or carotenoid absorption
SCARB1	rs10846744	GG	1192	0.27	Ref.	0.0001
		CG	415	0.30	9%
		CC	33	0.31	15%
CD36	rs1524598	AA	705	0.27	Ref.	0.04
		AG	724	0.29	4%
		GG	213	0.29	6%
Genes previously related to maculopathies
RPE65	rs12744671	AA	1307	0.28	Ref.	0.05
		AC	310	0.27	−3%
		CC	22	0.23	−18%

Adjusted for WHI baseline dietary lutein and zeaxanthin and first two principal components from principal component analysis using 176 ancestry informative markers.