Table I.
Baseline demographic and lifestyle characteristics in lung cancer cases and control subjects among lifelong never smokers, the Shanghai Cohort Study, 1986–2008
| Cases | Controls | P* | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No. of subjects | 82 | 83 | — |
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 58.1±5.2 | 58.0±5.4 | 0.87 |
| Time (years) between blood draw and cancer diagnosis, mean ± SD | 12.3±5.4 | 12.3±5.5 | 0.99 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 21.9±2.7 | 22.7±2.9 | 0.09 |
| Level of education, % | |||
| No formal education or primary (1–6 years) | 29.3 | 30.1 | 0.91 |
| Secondary and above | 70.7 | 69.9 | |
| Self-reported history of physician-diagnosed tuberculosis, % | |||
| No | 76.8 | 81.9 | |
| Yes | 23.2 | 18.1 | 0.42 |
| Alcohol drinking, % | |||
| Non-drinkers | 68.3 | 62.6 | 0.45 |
| Regular drinkers | 31.7 | 37.4 | |
| No. of drinks/day, mean ± SD | 2.0±2.1a | 1.9±1.5a | 0.90 |
| Urinary cotinine (ng/mg creatinine), geometric mean (95% CI) | 3.4 (2.5–4.6) | 3.7 (2.7–5.2) | 0.50 |
aAmong alcohol drinkers only.
*Two-sided Ps were based on t test for continuous variables or chi-square test for categorical variables.