Table 1.
Characteristics of all Patients, Patients without a prior MI by clinical History or EKG, and stratified by the presence or absence of LGE
| Variable | Entire Cohort (720) | No Prior MI (664) | LGE Positive (88) | LGE Negative (576) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yrs) | 56 (10) | 56 (11) | 59 (10) | 55 (10) | 0.007 |
| Male, n (%) | 531 (74) | 484 (73) | 63 (71) | 421 (73) | 0.69 |
| Duration of AF (median, IQR) | 50 (29–83) | 49 (29–84) | 54 (34–84) | 49 (16–77) | 0.71 |
| Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation, n (%) | 250 (35) | 229 (35) | 32 (36) | 197 (34) | 0.72 |
| Persistent Atrial Fibrillation, n (%) | 472 (66) | 435 (65) | 49 (60) | 386 (67) | 0.72 |
| Prior AF Ablation, n (%) | 173 (24) | 160 (24) | 24 (27) | 136 (24) | 0.50 |
| Cardiovascular Risk Factors, n (%): | |||||
| Diabetes Mellitus | 106 (15) | 98 (15) | 18 (20) | 80 (14) | 0.11 |
| Hypertension | 365 ((51) | 324 (49) | 50 (57) | 274 (48) | 0.11 |
| Heart Failure | 186 (26) | 172 (26) | 32 (36) | 140 (24) | 0.02 |
| Obstructive Sleep Apnea | 142 (20) | 130 (20) | 27 (31) | 103 (18) | 0.009 |
| Valvular Heart Disease | 77 (11) | 70 (11) | 12 (14) | 58 (10) | 0.35 |
| Hyperthyroidism | 34 (5) | 32 (5) | 5 (6) | 27 (5) | 0.60 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 240 (33) | 203 (31) | 31 (35) | 172 (30) | 0.32 |
| Alcohol Excess | 59 (8) | 54 (8) | 5 (6) | 49 (8) | 0.53 |
| Family History AF | 88 (12) | 84 (13) | 10 (11) | 74 (13) | 0.73 |
| Medication, n (%): | |||||
| Aspirin | 325 (45) | 291 (44) | 39 (44) | 252 (44) | 0.95 |
| Beta-blocker | 491 (68) | 446 (67) | 66 (75) | 380 (66) | 0.11 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 164 (23) | 148 (22) | 19 (22) | 129 (22) | 1.00 |
| ACE/ARB | 261 (36) | 234 (35) | 34 (39) | 200 (35) | 0.47 |
| Class 1 Anti-arrhythmic | 157 (22) | 157 (24) | 16 (18) | 141 (24) | 0.22 |
| Class 3 Anti-arrhythmic | 341 (47) | 298 (45) | 45 (51) | 253 (44) | 0.21 |
| Digoxin | 64 (9) | 56 (8) | 8 (9) | 48 (8) | 0.38 |
| Spironolactone | 19 (3) | 17 (3) | 3 (3) | 14 (2) | 0.48 |
| Diuretics | 126 (18) | 117 (18) | 20 (23) | 97 (17) | 0.18 |
| Statin | 237 (33) | 188 (28) | 30 (34) | 158 (27) | 0.21 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29 (5) | 29.5 (5) | 30.6 (5) | 29.2 (5) | 0.03 |
| Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 127 (17) | 127 (17) | 126 (19) | 127 (17) | 0.89 |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 75 (12) | 75 (12) | 74 (12) | 75 (12) | 0.56 |
| Heart Rate (beats/min) | 72 (17) | 72 (17) | 73 (19) | 72 (17) | 0.88 |
| EKG Parameters: | |||||
| Sinus Rhythm at presentation, n (%) | 459 (64) | 430 (65) | 56 (64) | 374 (65) | 0.81 |
| AV Delay (ms) | 172 (31) | 172 (32) | 185 (33) | 170 (31) | 0.006 |
| QRS Duration (ms) | 96 (15) | 96 (15) | 100 (18) | 95 (14) | 0.006 |
| QTc Duration (ms) | 442 (33) | 441 (33) | 445 (28) | 440 (33) | 0.15 |
| LVH by EKG (Sokolov Criteria), n (%) | 56 (8) | 52 (8) | 8 (9) | 44 (8) | 0.67 |
| GFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 83 (17) | 83 (17) | 78 (17) | 84 (17) | 0.001 |
All data are number (percentage) or mean and SD unless otherwise indicated; BMI = body mass index; ACE/ARB = angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker; GFR = glomerular filtration rate using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula done at the time of the CMR p value = LGE positive vs. LGE negative patients without a prior clinical history of MI.