Table 1. Characteristics of included studies assessing the risk of haematological malignancies with statin use.
| Study | Year of publication | Study design | Country | Statin | Follow up (years) | Time Period | Sex | Study setting | Cases/Subjects | Cancer outcome | Confounding variables adjusted |
| Lutski M | 2012 | cohort | Israel | A,P,S | 4.7(mean) | 1998–2006 | M/F | Population-based | 681/202,648 | Haematological malignancies HR: 0.69 (0.55–0.88)Leukemia HR: 0.58 (0.37–0.91)Lymphoma HR: 0.69 (0.51–0.94) | Age, sex, marital status, area of residence, nationality, socioeconomic level, years of stay in Israel, obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, efficacy, hospitalizations and visits to physicians a year before first statin dispensation, and asthma |
| HPS | 2011 | RCT | England | S | 5.3(mean) | 1994–2001 | M/F | Hospital-based | 327/20,536 | Haematological malignancies RR: 1.01 (0.81–1.25) | Randomization |
| Vinogradova Y | 2011 | case-control | England | A,P,S | 2.3(median) | 1998–2008 | M/F | Population-based | 7,185/29,162 | Haematological malignancies OR: 0.78 (0.71–0.86) | Townsend quintile, BMI, smoking status, myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, stroke, rheumatoid arthritis, use of NSAIDs, Cox2-inhibitors, aspirin |
| Jacobs EJ | 2011 | cohort | America | F,L,P,S | ≥5(mean) | 1997–2007 | M/F | Population-based | 1,005/133,255 | Non-Hodgkin lymphoma RR: 0.74 (0.62–0.89) | Age, sex, race, education, smoking, use of NSAIDs, BMI, physical activity, history of elevated cholesterol, diabetes, heart disease, hypertension |
| Chao C | 2011 | case-control | America | A,L,P,S | NR | 1996–2008 | M/F | Hospital-based | 259/1,554 | Non-Hodgkin lymphoma HR: 0.55 (0.31–0.95) | Age, sex, race, index year, known duration of HIV infection, Kaiser Permanente region (Northern or Southern California), clinical AIDS diagnosis prior to index date (yes/no), duration of antiretroviral therapy (ART) use (years), baseline CD4 cell count level (<200, 201–500, and>500/m l), and history of selected co-morbidity (yes/no), history of hepatitis B and C, diabetes, and obesity |
| Friedman GD | 2008 | cohort | America | A, C, F, L, P, R, S | ≥5(mean) | 1994–2003 | M/F | Population-based | 312/361,859 | Hodgkin lymphoma HR: 1.08 (0.26–4.42)Non-Hodgkin lymphoma HR: 1.02 (0.71–1.45)Multiple myeloma HR: 0.81 (0.42–1.58)Lymphocytic leukemia HR: 0.86 (0.41–1.84)Myeloid leukemia HR: 0.40 (0.15–1.09) | Smoking, use of NSAIDs, calendar year |
| Coogan PF | 2007 | case-control | America | NR | 3–6(median) | 1991–2005 | M/F | Hospital-based | 25/379 | Leukemia OR: 1.1 (0.6–2.0)Non-Hogdkin lymphoma OR: 1.2 (0.6–2.4) | Age, sex, BMI, interview year, study center, alcohol consumption, race, years of education, smoking, use of NSAID |
| Landgren O | 2006 | case-control | America | NR | 1.8–11.2(median) | 1996–2002 | F | Population-based | 179/870 | Multiple myeloma OR:0.4(0.2–0.8) | Age, race, education, and BMI |
| Iwata H | 2006 | case-control | Japan | F,P,S | 4(median) | 1995–2001 | M/F | Hospital-based | 221/1100 | Lymphoma OR: 2.06(0.88–4.8)Multiple myeloma OR: 3.99(1.75–9.10) | Age, sex, year of visit, serological status for anti-Hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg) and anti-Hepatitis C virus antibodies (HCVAb) |
| Fortuny J | 2006 | case-control | Czech Republic, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, and Spain | >6.25(mean) | 1998–2004 | M/F | Population-based | 2,362/4,568 | Lymphoma OR: 0.61 (0.33–1.15) | Age, gender, and country | |
| Friis S | 2005 | cohort | Denmark | A, C, F, L, P, S | 3.3(mean) | 1989–2002 | M/F | Population-based | 1,626/334,754 | Haematological malignancies RR: 0.88 (0.60–1.29) | Age, sex, calendar period, use of NSAIDs, use of hormone, use of cardiovascular drugs |
| Zhang Y | 2004 | case-control | America | NR | NR | 1996–2000 | F | Population-based | 601/1,318 | Non-Hodgkin lymphoma OR: 0.5(0.4–0.8) | Age, BMI, menopausal status, and family history of non-Hodgkin lymphoma |
| Strandberg TE | 2004 | RCT | Nordic countries | S | 5.4(median) | 1988–1994 | M/F | Hospital-based | 36/4,444 | Haematological malignancies RR: 1.12 (0.58–2.14) | Randomization |
| Graaf MR | 2004 | case-control | Netherlands | A, C, F, P, S | 7.2(mean) | 1995–1998 | M/F | Population-based | 93/20,105 | Lymphoma OR: 0.28 (0.06–1.30) | Age, sex, geographic region, follow-up time, calendar time, diabetes mellitus, chronic use of diuretics, use of ACE inhibitors,use of calcium antagonists, use of NSAIDs, use of hormones, other lipid-lowering therapies, familiar hypercholesterolemia |
| Holdaas H | 2003 | RCT | Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Norway,Sweden, Switzerland, the UK, and Canada | F | 5.1(mean) | 1996–1997 | M/F | Hospital-based | 29/2,102 | Haematological malignancies RR: 0.61 (0.29–1.29) | Randomization |
| LIPID Study Group | 2002 | RCT | Australia and New Zealand | P | ≥8(mean) | 1990–1992 | M/F | Hospital-based | 89/7,680 | Haematological malignancies RR: 0.70 (0.46–1.07) | Randomization |
| Blais L | 2000 | case-control | Canada | L, P, S | 2.7(median) | 1988–1994 | M/F | Population-based | 24/264 | Lymphoma RR: 2.17 (0.38–12.36) | Age, sex, use of fibric acid, use of other lipid-reducing agents, previous benign neoplasm, year of cohort entry, the score of comorbidity |
| Downs JR | 1998 | RCT | America | L | 5.2(mean) | 1990–1997 | M/F | Hospital-based | 23/6,605 | Lymphoma RR: 0.92 (0.41–2.08) | Randomization |
| Traversa G | 1998 | case-control | Italy | NR | NR | 1992–1994 | M/F | Population-based | 202/2,222 | Leukemia OR: 1.3 (0.6–3.0) | Age,gender |
| Sacks FM | 1996 | RCT | Canada and America | P | 5(mean) | 1989–1991 | M/F | Hospital-based | 18/4,159 | Haematological malignancies RR: 0.80(0.32–2.02) | Randomization |
NR = not reported; RR = Relative risk; HR = Hazard ratio; OR = Odds ratio; M = male; F = female; BMI = body mass index; RCT = randomized controlled trial.