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. 2014 Jan 31;9(1):e87368. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087368

Figure 8. Increased proinflammatory mediators in conditioned media of airlift cultures.

Figure 8

IL-1β concentration was maintained at a low level from day 0 (0.97±0.08 pg/mL) to day 6 (1.03±0.16 pg/mL) in airlift culture, while it increased at day 8 (3.89±1.41 pg/mL, P<0.001), and remained high level at day 12 (3.50±1.33 pg/mL, P<0.001). The TNF-α concentration increased after 6 days of airlift culture (8.81±0.26 pg/mL at day 0, 38.71±7.88 pg/mL at day 6, P<0.001) and declined at day 10. MMP-9 remained at a low level from day 0 to day 4, and gradually increased from day 6 to day 12 in airlift culture. (0.27±0.08 ng/mL, 230.61±138.47 ng/mL, 571.78±196.06 ng/mL, 796.49±216.05 ng/mL, and 749.28±307.97 ng/mL in airlift culture for 0, 6, 8, 10 and 12 days respectively). In submerged cultures, no dramatic increases of IL-1β and TNF-α were detected, while MMP-9 only increased significantly after 10 days of culture (195.95±66.07 ng/mL at D10 and 230.99±107.46 ng/mL at D12, P<0.001). However, MMP-9 concentrations remained lower than those in airlift culture from day 6 to day 12 (P<0.001).