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. 2014 Jan 31;9(1):e87574. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087574

Figure 2. HMGB-1 induces expression of pro-inflammatory markers in astrocytes (A) and microglial cells (B) isolated from wild type (WT) animals.

Figure 2

TLR4 deficiency (Tlr4KO) suppresses induction of pro-inflammatory markers after HMGB-1 treatment. Gene expression was assessed using quantitative RT-PCR in PBS treated controls and HMGB-1 treated cells. For each gene, results are expressed as a percentage of the corresponding value in the PBS treated primary glial cell cultures isolated from WT animals after normalization to β-actin (*P<0.05, n = 6).