Table 3. Odds ratio of ACE I/D and all-cause CKD, diabetic nephropathy, non-diabetic nephropathy using assumption of allele type, genotype, dominant and recessive model.

Model	Ethnicity	All-cause CKD				Diabetic nephropathy				Non-diabetic nephropathy
		n	OR	95% CI	τ2	n	OR	95% CI	τ2	n	OR	95% CI	τ2
Allele type (D vs. I)	All studies	99	1.21	(1.13, 1.29)	0.076	65	1.23	(1.14, 1.33)	0.063	22	1.29	(1.06, 1.56)	0.166
	Asian	38	1.40	(1.23, 1.59)	0.118	24	1.36	(1.18, 1.56)	0.070	10	1.59	(1.17, 2.17)	0.212
	Caucasian	61	1.12	(1.04, 1.21)	0.053	41	1.17	(1.06, 1.29)	0.064	12	1.08	(0.91, 1.29)	0.054
Genotype-1 (DD vs. II)	All studies	99	1.44	(1.26, 1.64)	0.277	65	1.48	(1.26, 1.74)	0.249	22	1.67	(1.16, 2.41)	0.556
	Asian	38	1.87	(1.46, 2.38)	0.377	24	1.66	(1.27, 2.18)	0.230	10	2.77	(1.62, 4.75)	0.567
	Caucasian	61	1.25	(1.07, 1.46)	0.224	41	1.39	(1.14, 1.71)	0.275	12	1.11	(0.77, 1.60)	0.211
Genotype-2 (ID vs. II)	All studies	99	1.20	(1.10, 1.32)	0.098	65	1.26	(1.13, 1.40)	0.082	22	1.17	(0.92, 1.49)	0.206
	Asian	38	1.34	(1.14, 1.57)	0.152	24	1.31	(1.09, 1.57)	0.088	10	1.43	(0.99, 2.05)	0.259
	Caucasian	61	1.13	(1.02, 1.25)	0.062	41	1.23	(1.07, 1.42)	0.084	12	0.91	(0.74, 1.13)	0.570
Dominant(DD+ID vs. II)	All studies	99	1.28	(1.16, 1.41)	0.132	65	1.33	(1.19, 1.50)	0.110	22	1.30	(1.00, 1.69)	0.271
	Asian	38	1.48	(1.25, 1.74)	0.180	24	1.42	(1.19, 1.70)	0.095	10	1.66	(1.12, 2.45)	0.317
	Caucasian	61	1.17	(1.05, 1.31)	0.100	41	1.28	(1.10, 1.49)	0.130	12	1.01	(0.80, 1.27)	0.031
Recessive(DD vs. ID+II)	All studies	99	1.27	(1.15, 1.39)	0.090	65	1.26	(1.13, 1.42)	0.112	22	1.53	(1.18, 1.99)	0.262
	Asian	38	1.56	(1.28, 1.90)	0.227	24	1.42	(1.12, 1.79)	0.169	10	2.22	(1.42, 3.48)	0.369
	Caucasian	61	1.16	(1.04, 1.28)	0.090	41	1.21	(1.06, 1.37)	0.097	12	1.20	(0.92, 1.57)	0.118