Table 3.
Average intakes of vitamins and minerals and comparison with recommended intakes
| |
Age group (years) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
6.0-8.9 |
9.0-13.9 |
14.0-18.9 |
|||
|
Boys |
Girls |
Boys |
Girls |
Boys |
Girls |
|
| (n = 162) | (n = 158) | (n = 211) | (n = 314) | (n = 173) | (n = 396) | |
| Vitamin A (μg RE/day) |
958.4 ± 500.8 |
975.1 ± 452.3 |
884.6 ± 429.4 |
872.2 ± 502.1 |
978.5 ± 621.2 |
856.0 ± 545.4 |
| % < EAR |
1.9 |
1.9 |
15.2 |
12.4 |
35.8 |
25.3** |
| % > UL |
43.8 |
51.9 |
5.2 |
5.7 |
1.2 |
0.8 |
| Vitamin C (mg/day) |
90.3 ± 54.3 |
90.8 ± 52.1 |
99.9 ± 65.6 |
86.3 ± 52.1 |
92.3 ± 57.7 |
93.2 ± 66.8 |
| % < EAR |
4.3 |
3.2 |
15.6 |
17.2 |
35.8 |
32.8 |
| Vitamin B1 (mg/day) |
1.4 ± 0.4 |
1.4 ± 0.4 |
1.5 ± 0.4 |
1.4 ± 0.5 |
1.8 ± 0.6 |
1.3 ± 0.5 |
| % < EAR |
0 |
0 |
5.2 |
7.0 |
9.8 |
15.4 |
| Vitamin B2 (mg/day) |
2.0 ± 0.6 |
1.9 ± 0.5 |
1.8 ± 0.5 |
1.8 ± 0.6 |
2.0 ± 0.6 |
1.7 ± 0.6 |
| % < EAR |
0.6 |
0 |
2.4 |
2.9 |
8.7 |
7.6 |
| Vitamin B6 (mg/day) |
1.5 ± 0.5 |
1.5 ± 0.5 |
2.6 ± 0.5 |
1.4 ± 0.5 |
1.7 ± 0.5 |
1.4 ± 0.5 |
| % < EAR |
0.6 |
0.6 |
6.2 |
8.6 |
12.7 |
21.0* |
| Calcium (mg/day) |
956.9 ± 294.4 |
930.3 ± 254.0 |
928.9 ± 285.0 |
875.7 ± 275.0 |
1027.9 ± 358.6 |
858.9 ± 320.4 |
| 895.7 (368.5) |
934.6 (331.0) |
914.8 (428.8) |
855.7 (352.1) |
1009.8 (466.8) |
841.6 (427.3) |
|
| Iron (mg/day) |
11.4 ± 3.3 |
10.9 ± 2.8 |
11.5 ± 2.6 |
10.7 ± 3.01 |
13.0 ± 3.6 |
10.4 ± 2.7 |
| Prevalence of inadequacy (%) |
2.2 |
2.4 |
2.5 |
5.7 |
6.9 |
25.3** |
| Phosphorus (mg/day) |
1261.0 ± 242.4 |
1233.8 ± 230.0 |
1296.1 ± 282.8 |
1201.7 ± 269.8 |
1492.5 ± 366.7 |
1188.5 ± 310.8 |
| % < EAR |
0 |
0 |
17.5 |
28.3* |
0 |
0 |
| Magnesium (mg/day) |
222.6 ± 56.3 |
218.7 ± 54.0 |
231.0 ± 69.3 |
211.6 ± 59.8 |
259.3 ± 77.5 |
213.7 ± 67.2 |
| % < EAR |
1.9 |
0.6 |
32.7 |
43.9* |
85.0 |
89.9 |
| % > UL |
2.5 |
1.3 |
2.8 |
1.3 |
5.2 |
0.3** |
| Potassium (mg/day) |
2336.7 ± 583.4 |
2310.7 ± 540.3 |
2364.2 ± 644.9 |
2166.3 ± 579.7 |
2514.7 ± 701.4 |
2157.5 ± 695.9 |
| 2269.6 (762.9) |
2299.0 (717.0) |
2326.5 (919.4) |
2139.0 (752.0) |
2526.4 (1082.2) |
2109.8 (936.5) |
|
| Sodium (mg/day) |
2331.0 ± 566.3 |
2283.3 ± 538.1 |
2514.9 ± 617.2 |
2288.5 ± 593.5 |
2923.9 ± 856.3 |
2294.3 ± 685.6 |
| % > UL | 78.4 | 71.5 | 69.2 | 53.5** | 76.3 | 47.5** |
Values are mean ± SD or median (Interquartile Range) or % of participants.
RE = retinol equivalents, *p < 0.05,**p < 0.001 in comparison to boys of the same age-group.