Table 2.
Diagnosed comorbidity complexes of dementia patients and control subjects
| Diagnosis group | Case n (%) N = 9,139 | Control n (%) N = 28,614 | OR* (95% CI) | p-value** |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Neoplasms |
|
|
|
|
| Cancer (all) (C00–D48) |
2,284 (25.0) |
7,880 (27.5) |
0.89 (0.85–0.94) |
<0.0001 |
|
Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs | ||||
| Anaemia (D50–53, D55–64) |
2,321 (25.4) |
5,518 (19.3) |
1.40 (1.32–1.48) |
<0.0001 |
|
Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | ||||
| Thyroid dysfunction (E01–07) |
2,266 (24.8) |
8,027 (28.1) |
0.86 (0.81–0.91) |
<0.0001 |
| Diabetes (E10–14) |
4,135 (45.2) |
11,252 (39.3) |
1.29 (1.23–1.35) |
<0.0001 |
| Disorders of lipoprotein metabolism and other lipidaemias (E78) |
3,797 (41.5) |
14,685 (51.3) |
0.72 (0.69–0.76) |
<0.0001 |
| Fluids/electrolyte disorders (E86, E87, R60) |
3,175 (34.7) |
5,712 (20.0) |
2.01 (1.91–2.12) |
<0.0001 |
|
Mental and behavioural disorders |
|
|
|
|
| Psychotic/neurotic disorders (F20–29, F40–48) |
2,189 (24.0) |
5,122 (17.9) |
1.53 (1.45–1.62) |
<0.0001 |
| Depression (F32–33) |
2,790 (30.5) |
5,017 (17.5) |
2.08 (1.97–2.20) |
<0.0001 |
| Insomnia (F51, G47) |
1,485 (16.2) |
3,504 (12.2) |
1.34 (1.26–1.43) |
<0.0001 |
|
Diseases of the nervous system |
|
|
|
|
| Parkinson’s disease (G20–22) |
1,203 (13.2) |
805 (2.8) |
5.21 (4.75–5.72) |
<0.0001 |
|
Diseases of the eye and ear |
|
|
|
|
| Severe vision reduction (H17–18, H25–28, H31, H33, H34.1–34.2, H34.8–34.9, H35–36, H40, H43, H47, H54) |
3,406 (37.3) |
14,254 (49.8) |
0.59 (0.57–0.62) |
<0.0001 |
| Severe hearing loss (H90, H91) |
1,650 (18.1) |
5,267 (18.4) |
0.91 (0.86–0.97) |
0.004 |
|
Diseases of the circulatory system |
|
|
|
|
| Hypertension (I10–15) |
6,704 (73.4) |
22,266 (77.8) |
0.76 (0.72–0.80) |
<0.0001 |
| Coronary artery disease (CAD) (I20–25) |
3,638 (39.8) |
11,018 (38.5) |
1.01 (0.96–1.06) |
0.821 |
| Cardiac arrhythmias (I44–49) |
2,570 (28.1) |
8,229 (28.8) |
0.92 (0.87–0.97) |
0.002 |
| Cardiac insufficiency (I50) |
4,233 (46.3) |
9,277 (32.4) |
1.58 (1.50–1.66) |
<0.0001 |
| Atherosclerosis/peripheral arterial occlusive disease (I65–66, I67.2, I70, I73.9) |
3,945 (43.2) |
8,838 (30.9) |
1.64 (1.56–1.72) |
<0.0001 |
| Cerebral ischaemia/chronic stroke (G45, I60–64, I69) |
2,960 (32.4) |
4,352 (15.2) |
2.59 (2.45–2.74) |
<0.0001 |
| Lower limb varicosis (I83, I87.2) |
2,093 (22.9) |
7,316 (25.6) |
0.85 (0.80–0.89) |
<0.0001 |
|
Diseases of the respiratory system |
|
|
|
|
| Pneumonia (J12–18) |
1,062 (11.6) |
1,497 (5.2) |
2.31 (2.12–2.51) |
<0.0001 |
| Asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (J40–47) |
2,403 (26.3) |
7,273 (25.4) |
1.05 (1.00–1.11) |
0.060 |
|
Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue | ||||
| Arthritis (M02, M05–06, M08, M10, M11–13) |
1,035 (11.3) |
3,932 (13.7) |
0.82 (0.76–0.88) |
<0.0001 |
| Joint arthrosis (M15–19) |
3,746 (41.0) |
13,524 (47.3) |
0.74 (0.71–0.78) |
<0.0001 |
| Purine/pyrimidine metabolism disorders/gout (E79, M10) |
2,291 (25.1) |
8,141 (28.5) |
0.86 (0.82–0.91) |
<0.0001 |
| Lower back pain (M40–48, M50–54) |
4,474 (49.0) |
16,857 (58.9) |
0.69 (0.66–0.72) |
<0.0001 |
| Osteoporosis (M80–82) |
2,178 (23.8) |
6,465 (22.6) |
1.00 (0.95–1.06) |
0.937 |
|
Diseases of the genitourinary system |
|
|
|
|
| Renal insufficiency/failure (N17–19) |
1,978 (21.6) |
4,667 (16.3) |
1.36 (1.28–1.44) |
<0.0001 |
| Incontinence (N39.3, R32, R15) |
4,594 (50.3) |
6,914 (24.2) |
3.01 (2.87–3.17) |
<0.0001 |
|
Fractures, injuries and fall risks |
|
|
|
|
| Fractures and injuries (S00–T14) |
3,965 (43.4) |
8,958 (31.3) |
1.60 (1.52–1.68) |
<0.0001 |
| Fall risk and dizziness (R26, R29.6, R42, H81, H82) | 2,251 (24.6) | 5,761 (20.1) | 1.23 (1.16–1.30) | <0.0001 |
*ORs are adjusted for age and sex.
**Bold p-values considered significant according to Bonferroni adjustment.