Table 4.
Diagnosed comorbidity complexes of dementia patients and control subjects stratified by gender
| |
Men (N = 10,741; 2,325 cases; 8,416 control subjects) |
Women (N = 27,012; 6,814 cases; 20,198 control subjects) |
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diagnosis group | Case (%) | Control (%) | OR | Case (%) | Control (%) | OR* | p interaction** |
|
Neoplasms |
|
||||||
| Cancer (all) |
33.9 |
35.9 |
0.90 (0.82–0.99) |
22.0 |
24.1 |
0.91 (0.85–0.97) |
0.589 |
|
Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs | |||||||
| Anaemia |
26.1 |
20.0 |
1.40 (1.26–1.56) |
25.2 |
19.0 |
1.40 (1.31–1.50) |
0.925 |
|
Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | |||||||
| Thyroid dysfunction |
18.0 |
17.7 |
1.02 (0.91–1.16) |
27.1 |
32.4 |
0.83 (0.78–0.88) |
<0.0001 |
| Diabetes |
47.9 |
40.2 |
1.38 (1.26–1.51) |
44.3 |
39.0 |
1.25 (1.18–1.32) |
0.109 |
| Disorders of lipoprotein metabolism and other lipidaemias |
45.1 |
51.0 |
0.81 (0.74–0.89) |
40.3 |
51.5 |
0.70 (0.66–0.74) |
0.008 |
| Fluids/electrolyte disorders |
32.2 |
17.2 |
2.24 (2.02–2.49) |
35.6 |
21.1 |
1.94 (1.83–2.06) |
0.016 |
|
Mental and behavioural disorders | |||||||
| Psychotic/neurotic disorders |
20.5 |
13.5 |
1.67 (1.48–1.88) |
25.1 |
19.7 |
1.51 (1.42–1.62) |
0.054 |
| Depression |
24.5 |
10.4 |
2.81 (2.50–3.17) |
32.6 |
20.5 |
1.93 (1.81–2.05) |
<0.0001 |
| Insomnia |
14.9 |
9.6 |
1.65 (1.44–1.88) |
16.7 |
13.3 |
1.25 (1.16–1.35) |
<0.0001 |
|
Diseases of the nervous system | |||||||
| Parkinson’s disease |
17.0 |
2.9 |
6.64 (5.62–7.84) |
11.9 |
2.8 |
4.71 (4.21–5.28) |
<0.0001 |
|
Diseases of the eye and ear | |||||||
| Severe vision reduction |
39.8 |
47.2 |
0.73 (0.67–0.80) |
36.4 |
50.9 |
0.56 (0.53–0.59) |
<0.0001 |
| Severe hearing loss |
20.9 |
20.8 |
0.97 (0.87–1.09) |
17.1 |
17.4 |
0.90 (0.83–0.97) |
0.172 |
|
Diseases of the circulatory system | |||||||
| Hypertension |
71.6 |
73.2 |
0.92 (0.83–1.02) |
74.0 |
79.8 |
0.70 (0.66–0.75) |
<0.0001 |
| Coronary artery disease (CAD) |
45.6 |
42.9 |
1.10 (1.00–1.20) |
37.8 |
36.7 |
0.97 (0.91–1.02) |
0.044 |
| Cardiac arrhythmias |
33.9 |
31.6 |
1.03 (0.94–1.14) |
26.5 |
27.6 |
0.88 (0.83–0.94) |
0.003 |
| Cardiac insufficiency |
40.9 |
26.2 |
1.90 (1.73–2.10) |
48.2 |
35.0 |
1.48 (1.39–1.56) |
<0.0001 |
| Atherosclerosis/peripheral arterial occlusive disease |
47.7 |
32.6 |
1.86 (1.70–2.05) |
41.6 |
30.2 |
1.56 (1.48–1.66) |
0.002 |
| Cerebral ischaemia/chronic stroke |
39.1 |
16.1 |
3.32 (3.00–3.67) |
30.1 |
15.9 |
2.34 (2.19–2.50) |
<0.0001 |
| Lower limb varicosis |
17.2 |
16.6 |
1.04 (0.92-1.17) |
24.8 |
29.3 |
0.81 (0.76-0.86) |
<0.0001 |
|
Diseases of the respiratory system | |||||||
| Pneumonia |
14.6 |
6.4 |
2.45 (2.12–2.83) |
10.6 |
4.7 |
2.23 (2.02–2.48) |
0.353 |
| Asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) |
34.2 |
31.0 |
1.15 (1.04–1.27) |
23.6 |
23.1 |
1.02 (0.95–1.09) |
0.030 |
|
Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue | |||||||
| Arthritis |
13.4 |
15.3 |
0.86 (0.76–0.99) |
10.6 |
13.1 |
0.79 (0.73–0.87) |
0.348 |
| Joint arthrosis |
36.0 |
39.6 |
0.85 (0.77–0.93) |
42.7 |
50.5 |
0.71 (0.68–0.76) |
0.001 |
| Purine/pyrimidine metabolism disorders/gout |
32.9 |
36.8 |
0.85 (0.77–0.93) |
22.4 |
25.0 |
0.86 (0.81–0.92) |
0.581 |
| Lower back pain |
48.5 |
55.7 |
0.76 (0.69–0.83) |
49.1 |
60.3 |
0.67 (0.63–0.71) |
0.016 |
| Osteoporosis |
8.6 |
6.5 |
1.33 (1.12–1.57) |
29.0 |
29.3 |
0.97 (0.91–1.03) |
<0.0001 |
|
Diseases of the genitourinary system | |||||||
| Renal insufficiency/failure |
28.3 |
20.5 |
1.50 (1.35–1.66) |
19.4 |
14.6 |
1.30 (1.21–1.40) |
0.024 |
| Incontinence |
48.3 |
18.2 |
4.19 (3.79–4.63) |
50.9 |
26.7 |
2.71 (2.56–2.87) |
<0.0001 |
|
Injuries, fractures and fall risks | |||||||
| Fractures and injuries |
37.3 |
27.8 |
1.52 (1.38–1.68) |
45.5 |
32.8 |
1.63 (1.54–1.73) |
0.253 |
| Fall risk and dizziness | 22.8 | 15.4 | 1.59 (1.42–1.78) | 25.2 | 22.1 | 1.14 (1.07–1.22) | <0.0001 |
*ORs are adjusted for age.
**P-values for case*gender interaction, when interaction term was added to the model in Table 2; bold p-values considered significant according to Bonferroni adjustment.