Table 6.
Association of serum perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) levels to colorectal cancer diagnosis in adults aged 21 and older, by year of diagnosis and period of residence in affected water district
| |
Resident since 1995 or before and including only CRC cases diagnosed 2000 or later (N=21,233 controls, 71 CRC cases) |
Resident since 1990 or before and including only CRC cases diagnosed 2000 or later (N=15,533 controls, 60 CRC cases) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
Cases |
Controls |
Odds ratio (95% CI)* |
P |
Cases |
Controls |
Odds ratio (95% CI)* |
P |
|
PFOS quartiles
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| First |
42 |
5278 |
1.00 |
|
37 |
3884 |
1.00 |
|
| Second |
12 |
5312 |
0.19 (0.09,0.38) |
<0.00001 |
9 |
3884 |
0.18 (0.08,0.40) |
0.00002 |
| Third |
7 |
5322 |
0.13 (0.06,0.27) |
<0.00001 |
7 |
3864 |
0.14 (0.06,0.30) |
<0.00001 |
| Fourth |
10 |
5321 |
0.12 (0.06,0.23) |
<0.00001 |
7 |
3901 |
0.12 (0.06,0.24) |
<0.00001 |
|
Test for trend |
|
|
|
<0.00001 |
|
|
|
<0.00001 |
|
PFOA quartiles
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| First |
28 |
5284 |
1.00 |
|
25 |
3870 |
1.00 |
|
| Second |
7 |
5325 |
0.25 (0.11,0.55) |
0.001 |
9 |
3921 |
0.24 (0.10,0.56) |
0.001 |
| Third |
21 |
5313 |
0.37 (0.19,0.70) |
0.002 |
13 |
3828 |
0.32 (0.16,0.66) |
0.002 |
| Fourth |
15 |
5311 |
0.43 (0.24,0.78) |
0.005 |
13 |
3914 |
0.38 (0.20,0.72) |
0.003 |
| Test for trend | 0.001 | 0.001 | ||||||
*Odds ratios adjusted for age, race, gender, socioeconomic status (years of education, annual household income, and employment status/disability), marital status, lifestyle factors, BMI, menopausal status, and comorbidity. Lifestyle factors include smoking (never, former, current); current alcohol consumption (yes/no); vegetarian diet (yes/no); exercise (regular exercise program (yes/no); comorbidity includes physician diagnosis of chronic comorbid condition (heart, kidney, liver, immune, connective tissue, and thyroid disease, stroke, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or asthma) and current treatment for hypertension or hyperlipidemia.