Table 2.
Univariate hazard ratio (95% CI) of age at menopause according to socioeconomic and lifestyle factors by study population.
| Socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics | Czech towns |
Novosibirsk |
Krakow |
All |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI)a | |
| Education | ||||
| Secondary or lower | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| University | 0.77 (0.67–0.88) | 0.86 (0.79–0.93) | 0.77 (0.71–0.83) | 0.81 (0.77–0.85) |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | 1.19 (0.93–1.53) | 0.99 (0.84–1.17) | 1.11 (0.96–1.28) | 1.07 (0.97–1.18) |
| Married or cohabited | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Divorced | 1.04 (0.92–1.16) | 1.08 (0.97–1.19) | 1.07 (0.94–1.22) | 1.06 (1.00–1.14) |
| Widowed | 1.14 (1.03–1.26) | 1.21 (1.12–1.31) | 1.18 (1.08–1.29) | 1.19 (1.13–1.25) |
| Smoking (cigarettes per day) | ||||
| 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1–9 | 0.97 (0.80–1.17) | 1.07 (0.90–1.27) | 0.98 (0.81–1.17) | 1.01 (0.91–1.12) |
| 10–19 | 1.29 (1.14–1.46) | 1.14 (0.93–1.40) | 1.26 (1.12–1.42) | 1.24 (1.14–1.34) |
| 20 or more | 1.17 (0.96–1.42) | 1.03 (0.76–1.41) | 1.44 (1.28–1.63) | 1.30 (1.18–1.43) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
| <20 | 1.04 (0.73–1.47) | 1.08 (0.82–1.41) | 1.05 (0.77–1.42) | 1.07 (0.90–1.27) |
| 20–24.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 25–29.9 | 1.07 (0.96–1.20) | 0.96 (0.86–1.06) | 0.99 (0.90–1.10) | 1.01 (0.95–1.07) |
| 30–34.9 | 1.11 (0.98–1.26) | 0.98 (0.88–1.09) | 1.08 (0.97–1.20) | 1.05 (0.99–1.12) |
| 35 or greater | 1.15 (0.99–1.34) | 0.86 (0.76–0.97) | 1.03 (0.89–1.18) | 0.97 (0.90–1.05) |
| Physical activity (h/week) | ||||
| 0 | 1.12 (1.02–1.23) | 1.14 (1.01–1.28) | 1.14 (1.04–1.25) | 1.13 (1.07–1.20) |
| 1–5 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 6 or more | 1.15 (1.05–1.27) | 1.09 (0.95–1.25) | 0.99 (0.90–1.08) | 1.06 (1.00–1.13) |
| Frequency of alcohol consumption | ||||
| Never | 1.20 (1.08–1.33) | 1.11 (1.01–1.21) | 1.22 (1.11–1.33) | 1.16 (1.10–1.23) |
| Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Moderate | 0.96 (0.88–1.06) | 0.92 (0.85–1.00) | 1.01 (0.90–1.12) | 0.95 (0.90–1.01) |
| Everyday | 1.01 (0.82–1.24) | 0.73 (0.30–1.76) | 1.24 (0.84–1.83) | 1.02 (0.86–1.21) |
| Supplementation with vitamins and minerals | ||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 0.92 (0.85–1.00) | 0.88 (0.82–0.94) | 0.91 (0.84–0.97) | 0.90 (0.86–0.94) |
| Hormonal contraceptives | ||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 0.84 (0.76–0.92) | 0.79 (0.68–0.91) | 0.71 (0.63–0.80) | 0.79 (0.74–0.84) |
| HRT | ||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 0.81 (0.73–0.90) | 0.86 (0.75–1.00) | 0.85 (0.79–0.93) | 0.85 (0.80–0.90) |
| Coffee intake (cups/day) | ||||
| 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1 | 0.96 (0.86–1.08) | 0.96 (0.89–1.04) | 1.01 (0.93–1.10) | 0.98 (0.93–1.03) |
| 2–3 or more | 0.98 (0.88–1.09) | 0.96 (0.86–1.07) | 0.97 (0.87–1.07) | 0.97 (0.91–1.02) |
| Fruits (portions/day) | ||||
| 0 | 1.02 (0.92–1.13) | 1.05 (0.97–1.14) | 1.04 (0.95–1.14) | 1.04 (0.99–1.09) |
| 1–2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 3 or more | 1.02 (0.93–1.12) | 0.92 (0.79–1.07) | 0.97 (0.88–1.06) | 0.99 (0.93–1.05) |
| Vegetables (portions/day) | ||||
| 0 | 0.99 (0.89–1.10) | 1.01 (0.91–1.12) | 1.07 (0.97–1.17) | 1.03 (0.97–1.09) |
| 1–2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 3 or more | 0.99 (0.87–1.12) | 1.07 (1.00–1.15) | 1.05 (0.92–1.21) | 1.05 (0.99–1.11) |
a
Adjusted for population.