Table 2.

Patient engagement strategies by implementation phase

	Selection phase	Preimplementation phase	Implementation phase	Postimplementation phase
Sample topics	What are patients’ attitudes toward genomic medicine? What are patients’ concerns about privacy, security, discrimination, or insurance coverage with regard to genomic data? What are patients’ expectations regarding access—theirs and others’— to their genomic data? What do patients think about the possibility of learning about the range of results that can be generated through sequencing?	Which information should be provided directly to patients via Web portal or other EMR-linked tools? What kinds of online resources should be made available to patients? What kinds of report formats are appropriate for patient use? What kinds of printable patient education materials might be needed within the EMR? What should the informed consent process look like?	How can we optimize patient engagement around genomic information? How do patients respond to the inclusion of genomic information during the clinic visit? Do patients want more information? Less? Are additional patient education materials needed?	Are patients aware that the innovation has been launched? Does providing genomic information to patients increase satisfaction with care? Does the integration of genomics into routine care affect relevant health behaviors? Does the implementation of genomic medicine increase satisfaction with the patient’s health plan?
Sample methods	Informational articles in newsletters and on websites In-clinic information: e.g., posters, brochures, kiosks Community conversations or town hall meetings Focus groups Interviews Advisory boards	Surveys (online, telephone) Focus groups Usability testing Community leaders Participatory design of patient education and consent materials	Launch communications: e.g., promotional materials, announcements, posters, giveaways Postvisit surveys Brief in-clinic interviews Focus groups	Periodic satisfaction surveys Focus groups One-to-one interviews Feedback reports and updates via existing communication vehicles

Implementation stages drawn from Lorenzi et al.;¹⁹ remainder, authors’ analysis.

EMR, electronic medical record.