. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Mar 19.

Published in final edited form as: IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2013 Aug 2;61(1):64–75. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2013.2276351

TABLE I.

Spectral Contrast Enhancement (Sce) For Five Synthetic Vowels Spoken By Male And Female Speakers

Vowel	Speaker	F₀, F₁, F₂, F₃ (Hz)	SCE (dB)
Vowel	Speaker	F₀, F₁, F₂, F₃ (Hz)	Comp	Supp
/i/	Male	136, 270, 2290, 3010	−1.23	1.98
/ɪ/	Male	135, 390, 1990, 2550	1.09	5.08
/ε/	Male	130, 530, 1840, 2480	0.14	3.63
/ɑ/	Male	124, 730, 1090, 2440	0.28	1.74
/u/	Male	141, 300, 870, 2240	−4.07	−0.09
/i/	Female	235, 310, 2790, 3310	−2.93	−1.25
/ɪ/	Female	232, 430, 2480, 3070	−3.64	0.94
/ε/	Female	223, 610, 2330, 2990	0.34	1.57
/ɑ/	Female	212, 850, 1220, 2810	−1.73	2.47
/u/	Female	231, 370, 950, 2670	0.25	1.72

Mean			−1.15	1.78

Comp and Supp denote compression and suppression modes of model operation. The input level is 70 dB SPL.