Table 1.

Anticancer and antitumor activity of fucoidans isolated from brown algae.

Source of isolation	Type of activity and possible mechanisms	References
S. thunbergii	Growth inhibitory activity in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice	[30]
S. thunbergii	Antitumor effect in mice with Ehrlich carcinoma transplanted	[27]
A. nodosum	In vivo and in vitro inhibitory effect against NSCLC-N6, non-small-cell human bronchopulmonary carcinoma	[33]
U. pinnatifida	Antitumor effect against P-388 tumor-bearing mice	[31]
F. vesiculosus	Elevation of antiangiogenic and antitumor activities by oversulfation	[28]
C. novae-caledoniae Kylin	Anti-angiogenic activity on human uterine carcinoma HeLa cells	[29]
F. vesiculosus	Induction of apoptosis in human lymphoma HS-Sultan cell line associated with caspase-3 activation and downregulation of ERK pathway	[34]
C. okamuranus	Growth inhibitory activity on stomach cancer cell line of MKN45	[35]
F. evanescens	Enhancement in etoposide induced caspase-dependent cell death pathway on MT-4, human malignant lymphoid cell lines	[42]
F. evanescens	Antimetastatic and antitumor activity in C57Bl/6 mice with transplanted Lewis lung adenocarcinoma	[32]
L. saccharina, L. digitata, F. vesiculosus, F. serratus, F. distichus, F. evanescens, and A. nodosum	Blocked adhesion of MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cell to platelets	[22]
C. okamuranus	Induction of apoptosis in U937, human leukemia cells, by oversulfated form of fucoidan	[24]
C. okamuranus	Induction of apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, human breast cancer, via caspase-8-dependent pathway	[36]
F. vesiculosus	Induction of apoptosis in HCT-15, colon carcinoma cells	[39]
F. vesiculosus	Induction of apoptosis in HT-29 and HCT116, human colon cancer cells, via both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways	[38]
U. pinnatifida	Antitumor activity against PC-3, HepG2, A549, and HeLa cancer cells	[40]