Table 2.

Ethogram of the behaviors that were monitored during behavioral observations. Social and non-social behaviors were measured as percent of time, and events were measured as frequency (number per minute). Behaviors within the social or non-social behavioral class were mutually exclusive, but could co-occur with behavior from the other behavioral class. Astericks indicate behaviors unique to female introductions.

Behavioral class	Behavior	Definition
Social behaviors	Groom	Focal individual is picking at hair and/or skin of another individual
	Proximity	Focal individual is within arms length of another individual without touching
	Touch	Focal is in physical contact with another individual
	Close*	Male is located within 1m of female during female introduction
	Look*	Male is paying attention to female during female introduction
Non-social behaviors	Consummatory	Handling and ingesting food and/or water
	Locomotion	Movement – e.g., walk, run
	Stationary	Focal individual sitting quietly, not engaged in other behavior
	Stereotypical	Repetitive behavior with no apparent purpose, such as pacing or circling
	Toy play	Focal individual manipulates object (e.g., toys) other than food
Events	Aggression	Bite, hit, slap, threat, chase, yawn
	Displace	Individual leaves promptly upon being approached
	Fear grimace	Focal individual bars teeth
	Lipsmack	Rapid movement of lips
	Scratch	Common usage
	Yawn	Common usage