Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of all HFpEF patients by rhythm at HFpEF diagnosis
| Variables | N | Rhythm at HFpEF diagnosis | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prior AF (n=270) |
Concurrent AF (n=219) |
Sinus Rhythm (n=450) |
|||
| Demographics and clinical data | |||||
| Age, years | 939 | 79.0±10.1* | 77.6±11.1* | 74.4±13.9 | <0.0001 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 939 | 163 (60.4) | 137 (62.6) | 273 (60.7) | 0.87 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 939 | 29.3±7.6 | 29.1±7.1 | 30.2±7.8 | 0.16 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 927 | 84±24 | 96±27*† | 83±19 | <0.0001 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 908 | 147±29 | 143±29* | 152±32 | 0.003 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 908 | 77±17 | 79±17 | 77±17 | 0.56 |
| NYHA III-IV, n (%) | 796 | 50 (22) | 41 (23) | 61 (16) | 0.51 |
| Co-morbidities | |||||
| Previous MI, n (%) | 937 | 46 (17) | 20 (9)† | 65 (14) | 0.039 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 934 | 191 (71) | 146 (67) | 290 (65) | 0.20 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 938 | 62 (23) | 39 (18)* | 136 (30) | 0.0014 |
| Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 925 | 79 (30)* | 37 (17)† | 78 (18) | 0.0002 |
| COPD, n (%) | 921 | 53 (20) | 44 (20) | 79 (18) | 0.66 |
| Thyroid disease, n (%) | 912 | 19 (7) | 8 (4) | 26 (6) | 0.25 |
| Medication at HFpEF diagnosis | |||||
| ACEI or ARB, n (%) | 935 | 115 (43) | 85 (39) | 183 (41) | 0.66 |
| Beta-blocker, n (%) | 935 | 138 (52) | 105 (48) | 202 (45) | 0.25 |
| Diuretic, n (%) | 935 | 189 (70) | 143 (65) | 313 (70) | 0.39 |
| Statin, n (%) | 935 | 83 (31) | 46 (21)† | 112 (25) | 0.038 |
| AAD, n (%) | 935 | 34 (13)* | 32 (15)* | 8 (2) | <0.0001 |
| Laboratory data | |||||
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73m2φ | 926 | 53 (43–66) | 54(43–67) | 54 (42–68) | 0.73 |
| BNP, pg/ml‡φ | 328 | 485 (276–729)* | 485 (265–705)* | 327 (142–664) | 0.010 |
| TSH, mIU/Lφ | 358 | 2.2 (1.2–3.7) | 2.2 (1.5–3.6) | 2.1 (1.2–3.7) | 0.49 |
| LDL, g/dLφ | 527 | 79 (64–110)* | 84 (65–109) | 93 (71–118) | 0.019 |
| Echo data | |||||
| LVIDd, mm | 688 | 47.8±6.1 | 47.5±6.7 | 48.3±6.2 | 0.31 |
| LVEF, % | 939 | 60.1±6.4 | 60.8±7.2 | 60.9±7.0 | 0.33 |
| Deceleration time, ms | 625 | 187±56* | 186±48* | 216±57 | <0.0001 |
| TR velocity, m/s | 683 | 3.0±0.5 | 2.9±0.5 | 3.0±0.5 | 0.21 |
| LAVI, ml/m2§ | 304 | 54.7±22.5* | 47.0±13.5*† | 40.7±12.4 | <0.0001 |
| e’, ms‖φ | 364 | 0.06±0.02 | 0.06±0.03 | 0.06±0.02 | 0.10 |
| E/e’# | 354 | 18.7±9.0 | 18.2±8.8 | 16.7±7.6 | 0.11 |
Mean±SD shown [φmedian(IQR)]
p<0.05 vs. SR
p<0.05 vs. prior AF (both with Bonferroni correction)
Number of patients with BNP values available: Prior AF, n=103 (38.1%); concurrent AF, n=77 (35.2%); SR, n=148 (32.9%).
Number of patients with LAVI measurements available: Prior AF, n=95 (35.2%); concurrent AF, n=72 (32.9%); SR, n=137 (30.4%).
Number of patients with e’ measurements available: Prior AF, n=111 (41.1%); concurrent AF, n=81 (37.0%); SR, n=172 (38.2%).
Number of patients with E/e’ measurements available: Prior AF, n=110 (40.7%); concurrent AF, n=78 (35.6%); SR, n=166 (36.9%).
AAD, antiarrhythmic drug; ACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; BNP, brain-type natriuretic peptide; BP, blood pressure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate (Modified Diet in Renal Disease formula); LAVI, left atrial volume index; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVIDd, left ventricular internal dimension in end-diastole; NYHA, New York Heart Association Class; MI, myocardial infarction; TR, tricuspid regurgitation; TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone.