ARTS causes downregulation of XIAP levels during apoptosis. (A) COS-7 cells were transient transfected with either pcDNA3 myc XIAP alone, or co-transfected with pcDNA3 myc XIAP and AU5-ARTS. Cells with or without treatment with 100 μM etoposide are shown. Immunoprecipitation with anti-myc antibodies was carried out, followed by Western blot analysis with anti-XIAP antibodies. (B) COS pE cells and COS pE stably transfected with AU5-ARTS. Analysis was carried out with anti-XIAP, anti-AU5, anti-H2A.X and anti-actin antibodies. COS pE-ARTS cells expressing high levels of ARTS exhibited significantly reduced levels of XIAP, which probably leads to the observed increase in apoptosis. The phospho-histone H2A.X, detected only under apoptotic conditions, was used to identify cells undergoing apoptosis. (C) COS-7 cells were transient transfected with AU5-ARTS or AU5-PNUTL2. Cells were treated with 1 μM STS for 0, 2 and 5 h. Western blot analysis was carried out using anti-XIAP and anti-ARTS (NT) antibodies, which recognize the common N′ terminus of ARTS and H5. XIAP levels show a significant reduction only in lysates from ARTS-transfected cells. ARTS, but not the nonapoptotic-related septin (PNUTL2), causes downregulation of XIAP levels during apoptosis.