FIG 2.

Effect of (+)-rutamarin on KSHV replication and its associated cytotoxicity. (A) Chemical structure of (+)-rutamarin. (B) Effect of (+)-rutamarin on KSHV lytic replication and its associated cytotoxicity in BCBL-1 cells that were treated with a wide range of concentrations of (+)-rutamarin 3 h after lytic replication was induced by TPA. Intracellular KSHV genomic DNA replication (blue), extracellular virion production (green), and cell viability (orange) were determined as described in Materials and Methods. The values were compared to those from the control cells (nondrug treatment). The mean values of results from three independent experiments and standard deviations are presented on the y axis of dose-response curves. (C) Effect of (+)-rutamarin on KSHV lytic replication and its associated cytotoxicity in JSC-1 cells that were induced with 3 mM sodium butyrate. Intracellular KSHV genomic DNA replication (blue), extracellular virion production (green), and cell viability (orange) were determined as described for panel B.