TABLE 4.

Risk factor analysis for antimicrobial-related severe adverse events^a

Patient data	SAEb (n = 30)	No SAE (n = 170)	P	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
				OR (95% CI)c	P	OR (95% CI)	P
Sex (male)	15 (50)	109 (64.1)	0.142	0.560 (0.256–1.222)	0.145	0.678 (0.300–1.533)	0.350
Age (median [IQR]) (yr)	67.4 (62.1–80.1)	57.4 (43.6–72.5)	0.001	1.451 (1.134–1.857)d	0.003	1.382 (1.075–1.775)d	0.011
Age > 60 yr	24 (80)	79 (46.5)	<0.001
Comorbidity
Charlson score ≥2	10 (33.3)	51 (30.0)	0.714	1.167 (0.510–2.667)	0.715
Obesity (BMI > 30)	8 (26.7)	31 (18.8)	0.283	1.572 (0.640–3.860)	0.324
Denutrition (BMI < 18)	1 (3.3)	8 (4.7)	0.885	0.677 (0.082–5.617)	0.718
Diabetes	3 (10)	24 (14.1)	0.749	0.676 (0.190–2.403)	0.545
Immunodepression	4 (13.3)	19 (11.2)	0.975	1.223 (0.385–3.884)	0.733
Nephropathy	5 (16.7)	23 (13.5)	0.865	1.278 (0.445–3.675)	0.649
Hepatopathy	2 (6.7)	3 (1.8)	0.341	3.976 (0.636–24.872)	0.140	2.791 (0.429–18.147)	0.283
Chronic pulmonary disease	8 (26.7)	22 (12.9)	0.052	2.446 (0.970–6.168)	0.058
Chronic heart failure	4 (13.3)	19 (11.2)	0.975	1.223 (0.385–3.884)	0.733
Chronic inflammatory disease	4 (13.3)	20 (11.8)	0.950	1.154 (0.365–3.649)	0.808
Neoplasm/hemopathy	3 (10)	18 (10.6)	0.821	0.938 (0.259–3.405)	0.923
Dementia	0 (0)	7 (4.1)	0.522	NCd	NCd
BJI type
Arthritis	3 (10)	12 (70.6)	0.852	1.463 (0.387–5.528)	0.575
Osteomyelitis	3 (10)	16 (9.4)	0.813	1.069 (0.292–3.921)	0.919
Vertebral osteomyelitis	6 (20)	26 (15.3)	0.705	1.385 (0.516–3.716)	0.518
Orthopedic device infection	18 (60)	116 (68.2)	0.377	0.698 (0.314–1.552)	0.378
Prosthetic-joint infection	15 (50)	61 (35.9)	0.142
Osteosynthesis	1 (3.3)	43 (25.3)	0.015
Vertebral osteosynthesis	2 (6.7)	8 (4.7)	1.000
External fixator	0 (0)	3 (1.8)	0.933
Other	0 (0)	1 (0.6)	0.356
Bone and joint infection mechanism
Hematogenous (for clinician)	16 (53.3)	58 (34.1)	0.044	2.207 (1.007–4.835)	0.048	1.372 (0.554–3.400)	0.494
Inoculation	13 (43.3)	108 (63.5)	0.037	0.439 (0.200–0.964)	0.040
Contiguity	1 (3.3)	4 (2.4)	0.751	1.431 (0.154–13.262)	0.752
BJI diagnosis
Fever	23 (76.7)	102 (60)	0.082	2.190 (0.891–5.388)	0.088
Fistula	8 (26.7)	78 (46.4)	0.050	0.429 (0.181–1.017)	0.055	0.366 (0.233–1.710)	0.0.366
Abscess	11 (36.7)	67 (39.4)	0.776	0.890 (0.398–1.988)	0.776
Chronic BJI (>4 wk)	8 (26.7)	58 (34.1)	0.424	0.702 (0.294–1.675)	0.425
Polymicrobial BJI	6 (20)	25 (14.7)	0.642	1.450 (0.539–3.903)	0.462
Biological inflammatory syndrome	29 (96.7)	159 (93.5)	0.802	2.006 (0.249–16.140)	0.513
No. with positive blood culture/no. of total cultures (% positive)	14/21 (66.7)	56/90 (62.2)	0.704	1.214 (0.446–3.309)	0.704
Initial hospitalization (median [IQR]) (wk)	7.1 (3.4–9.3)	3.0 (1.6–5.9)	0.003
Surgical treatment	24 (80.0)	139 (81.8)	0.818	0.892 (0.336–2.367)	0.819
Antibiotic use
Delay from diagnosis to specialist referral (median [IQR]) (wk)	0.6 (0.0–1.6)	1.0 (0.0–3.3)	0.226	1.002 (0.998–1.006)	0.282
Intravenous treatment	29 (96.7)	153 (90)	0.406	3.222 (0.413–25.167)	0.265
Antimicrobial combination therapy	30 (100)	170 (100)	NCe	NC	NC
Favorable clinical outcome	18 (60)	99 (59.6)	0.856

^aResults are presented as no. (%) unless otherwise noted. For the percentage calculation of each variable, the number of missing values was excluded from the denominator. Risk factors were assessed using a logistic binary regression model. Noninteracting variables with a P value of <0.15 in univariate analysis were included in the final model.

^bSAE, severe adverse events.

^cOdds ratio (95% confidence interval).

^dOdds ratio expressed for a 10-year increase in age.

^eNC, not calculable.