FIG 4.

Comparison of cytokine gene and protein expression induced early after empty vesicle versus LVS-V administration. The mice were injected i.p. with saline, LVS-V (35 μg protein), or the equivalent amount of empty vesicles. (A) Four hours after vaccination, each mouse was euthanized and the liver harvested. Gene induction of iNOS and cytokine and chemokine genes representative of inflammatory responses was measured by qRT-PCR. Each symbol represents an individual mouse. (B) After immunization, mice were bled at the indicated time points and cytokine protein levels were measured in the serum samples of individual mice by the Luminex assay. The average serum concentrations ± the SEM of 5 mice are shown for KC and IL-6.