Cellular and antibody immune responses (lung lavage fluid samples) to Ad5-PAopt in the presence of PEI to Ad5 vector. Groups of mice were preinoculated without (controls) or with 1010 viral particles of Ad5-EGFP intramuscularly or intranasally to induce PEI to the Ad5 vector. Ten weeks later, those mice were intramuscularly or intranasally vaccinated with Ad5-PAopt. After 10 weeks, intramuscular Ad5-PAopt-vaccinated mice were sacrificed for the ELISPOT IFN-γ assay, and intranasal Ad5-PAopt-vaccinated mice were sacrificed to collect lung lavage fluid samples. (A) Cellular immune responses of intramuscular Ad5-PAopt-vaccinated mice. (B) Neutralizing antibody titers in lung lavage fluid samples from intranasal Ad5-PAopt-vaccinated mice. (C) IgA titer of lung lavage fluid samples from intranasal Ad5-PAopt-vaccinated mice. (D) IgG titer of lung lavage fluid samples from intranasal Ad5-PAopt-vaccinated mice. The data are presented as the means ± SEM (n = 10 per group). PEI, preexisting immunity; i.m., intramuscular; i.n., intranasal; i.n.-PEI, intranasally induced PEI; i.m.-PEI, intramuscularly induced PEI; SFCs, spot-forming cells.