TABLE 4.

Mutants exhibiting elevated chitin/β-glucan exposure and TNF-α and ROS production by MDMs

Gene no.	Gene designation	% WT ± SD
		Chitin exposurea	β-Glucan exposurea	TNF-α productionb	ROS productionc
1	CCH1	209.5 ± 31.8*	254.2 ± 43.5*	248.0 ± 84.3**	194.9 ± 5.2**
2	SLM1	102.8 ± 5.0	95.3 ± 2.9	173.2 ± 34.8**	176.0 ± 40.9*
4	ARG81	103.8 ± 12.8	172.3 ± 9.1**	130.4 ± 34.8	113.4 ± 20.8
5	GPR1	114.3 ± 12.1	170.7 ± 25.6*	254.8 ± 69.9**	134.3 ± 19.7*
6	GPA2	128.0 ± 14.9	206.1 ± 32.9*	322.1 ± 95.6**	141.0 ± 23.9*
8	CAGL0M12496g	189.7 ± 25.2*	421.7 ± 174.3*	160.7 ± 34.2**	134.5 ± 24.0
9	LRG1	122.9 ± 8.4*	137.4 ± 17.1	104.6 ± 23.8	171.8 ± 49.1*
10	GNT1	108.1 ± 8.3	136.1 ± 33.1	151.3 ± 43.0	132.0 ± 6.0*
11	ERG5	100.9 ± 9.6	150.2 ± 21.2	102.2 ± 42.0	141.6 ± 23.7*
12	SLG1	134.8 ± 11.3*	262.6 ± 58.3*	141.1 ± 27.7	154.2 ± 18.8**
14	MNN4	284.6 ± 55.3*	124.9 ± 45.9	149.5 ± 49.2	135.6 ± 24.5*
15	MNS1	144.1 ± 12.6*	101.8 ± 22.8	193.1 ± 49.6**	154.7 ± 36.8*
16	PMT2	97.1 ± 10.8	72.4 ± 34.4	125.6 ± 74.2	156.5 ± 31.4*
17	PMT4	266.4 ± 26.7**	277.1 ± 88.5*	253.4 ± 76.5**	166.2 ± 20.4**
19	BAR1	143.8 ± 9.3*	246.9 ± 54.4*	161.8 ± 92.1	138.7 ± 30.4
20	CDC12	103.4 ± 13.1	158.8 ± 42.3	74.3 ± 30.6	126.6 ± 16.6*
21	CKA2/	92.5 ± 2.3	118.9 ± 39.0	111.9 ± 27.8	171.9 ± 51.7*
22	HEK2	116.4 ± 24.4	288.9 ± 95.0	119.3 ± 95.3	184.9 ± 39.7**
23	MPS3	208.1 ± 10.5**	163.0 ± 17.9*	298.7 ± 81.8**	173.8 ± 91.4

^aChitin/β-glucan exposure was as analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis upon staining with calcofluor white or an anti-β-glucan antibody. Results shown represent means (n ≥ 3). For statistics (unpaired Student's t test), single asterisks = P < 0.05 and double asterisks = P < 0.01 (in comparison to wild-type C. glabrata cells).

^bThe release of TNF-α was measured by ELISA.

^cROS production by MDMs was measured by luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence.