FIG 1.

Cold shock of C. botulinum E1 Beluga. The C. botulinum E1 Beluga ONC was diluted (1:100) into 200 ml of fresh TPGY broth and incubated at 30°C (solid line). During mid-exponential growth phase, half of the culture was cold shocked (indicated by arrow) and growth was continued at 12°C (dotted line). Samples for RT-qPCR analysis were collected from both cultures before (t₀) and 1 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 5 h, and 24 h after the cold shock (vertical dashed lines). Error bars represent standard deviations of three biological replicates.