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Adhesion force (Fadh) as a function of the loading force (Fld) applied during AFM measurements for two wild-type S. aureus strains (NCTC 8325-4 and ATCC 12600) and their isogenic Δpbp4 mutants. Error bars denote the standard deviations over at least 100 force curves (six bacteria divided over two different probes and taken from three separate cultures).
