Induction of specific antibody responses in mice immunized with a heterologous (adenovirus-protein) or a homologous (protein-protein) vaccination regimen. (A) C57BL/6 mice were immunized with three doses of the indicated immunogens, and the antibody titers were analyzed according to the timeline shown. The first dose consisted of 2 × 107 PFU/mouse of AdHu5-βgal (control), AdC68-PvCSP, or AdHu5-PvCSP administered i.m. The first and second boosts consisted of a formulation containing a protein mixture (His6-PvCSP-VK210, His6-PvCSP-VK247, and His6-PvCSP-Vivax-like, 3 μg/dose/mouse) in the presence of poly(I·C). (B) Serum IgG titers against His6-PvCSP-VK210. (C) Serum IgG titers against His6-PvCSP-VK247. (D) Serum IgG titers against His6-PvCSP-Vivax-like. Mice immunized with AdHu5-βgal, AdC68-PvCS, and AdHu5-PvCS and boosted twice with a formulation containing a protein mixture in the presence of poly(I·C) (G4, G5, and G6) responded equally well according to statistical comparisons (one-way ANOVA, Tukey's HSD test, no statistically significant difference). The results are expressed as means ± SD (n = 5).