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Nanoceria up-regulate photoreceptor-specific gene and down-regulate caspase 3 expression. mRNA levels of rhodopsin, M-opsin and S-opsin in untreated and saline injected eyes were reduced compared to wt. Nanoceria treatment increased the expression of these genes. Caspase 3 expression was significantly elevated in uninjected and saline injected vldlr−/− eyes and was greatly reduced by nanoceria injection. Data shown are mean ± SD. N=3–6 eyecups per group. *P<0.05, **P<0.005
