Interaction between MenC, MenA, and MenX strains and purified microtubules. Paclitaxel-induced microtubule asters and bundles were purified from HeLa cells, labeled with tubulin tracker green reagent GT500, and incubated in the presence of DAPI-stained meningococcal strain 93/4286 (MenC) (a and b), 205900 (MenA) (c and d), XL929 (MenX) (e and f), 2120 (MenC OatC+) (h and i), or 2948 (MenC OatC−) (j and k) as indicated. After incubation, samples were analyzed by IFM. The two channels for tubulin tracker green reagent GT500 (green) and DAPI (blue) staining were merged using Adobe Photoshop, version 6. The blue channel for DAPI staining was replaced with the red channel to improve visualization of DAPI-stained bacteria. Bars, 10 μm. Average numbers ± SD of adherent bacteria per microtubule aster are reported in panels g and l. For statistical analysis, at least 100 asters were counted for each strain. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences (P < 0.05).