Table 1.

List of novel therapies for CVD prevention, proposed mechanism of action, target disease/population, and current stage of clinical trial investigation (clinicaltrials.gov)

Name	Proposed mechanism of action	Target disease/population	Current stage of clinical trial
Smoking Cessation Therapy
Varenicline	α4β2 nicotinic receptor partial agonist	Smokers, including with established CVD	IV
Antiplatelet Agents
Prasugrel	Irreversible ADP P2Y12 antagonist	ACS managed with PCI	IV
Ticagrelor	Reversible ADP P2Y12 antagonist	ACS	III (completed)
Cangrelor	Reversible ADP P2Y12 antagonist (intravenous)	ACS managed with PCI	III (completed)
Antithrombotic Agents
Dabigatran	Direct ILa inhibitor	Nonvalvular AF	IV
Rivaroxaban	Direct Xa inhibitor	ACS and nonvalvular AF	III
Apixaban	Direct Xa inhibitor	ACS and nonvalvular AF	III
Lipid-Lowering Agents
Pitavastatin	HMG CoA inhibitor (statin)	Post-ACS	III
Mipomersen	Antisense inhibitor of apoB synthesis	Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia	III
Nicotinic acid + laropriprant	D2 receptor antagonist to reduce flushing associated with nicotinic acid	Primary hypercholesterolemia; mixed dyslipidemia	III
Anacetrapib	Cholesterol ester transfer protein inhibitor	Low HDL	III
Dalcetrapib	Cholesterol ester transfer protein inhibitor	Low HDL	III
Lomitapide	Inhibition of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein	Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia	III
Darapladib	LP-PLA2 inhibitor	Stable cardiovascular disease; ACS	III
Varespladib	LP-PLA2 inhibitor	ACS	III
Blood Pressure-Lowering Agents
Aliskiren	Direct renin inhibitor	Hypertension	IV
Nonpharmacologic Therapy for Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation
WATCHMAN® left atrial appendage occlusion device	Percutaneous occlusion of left atrial appendage	Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation	III
Miscellaneous
Caloric restriction	Decreased atherosclerosis	Primary CVD prevention	II

ACS, acute coronary syndrome; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.