Table 3. Association of the GCKR rs780094 genotype and liver damage as evaluated by unadjusted and adjusted models in 366 Patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.
| Sicilian Cohort n = 197 | Center/northern Italy Cohort n = 169 | Combined n = 366 | ||||
| Variable | OR (95% C.I.) | P value | OR (95% C.I.) | P value | OR (95% C.I.) | P value |
| Steatosis (1 vs 2 vs 3) | ||||||
| Unadjusted Model | Adjusted Model | Unadjusted Model | Adjusted Model | Unadjusted Model | Adjusted Model | |
| Females | - | - | - | - | 1.94 (1.18–3.20) 0.009 | 1.43 (0.83–2.44) 0.19 |
| Mean BMI – kg/m2 | 1.09 (1.02–1.17) 0.006 | 1.08 (1.00–1.16) 0.03 | 1.15 (1.05–1.27) 0.003 | 1.12 (1.01–1.25) 0.02 | 1.13 (1.07–1.19) <0.001 | 1.10 (1.04–1.17) 0.001 |
| HOMA-score | 1.13 (1.01–1.25) 0.02 | 1.08 (0.97–1.21) 0.14 | 1.16 (1.03–1.29) 0.01 | 1.08 (0.96–1.22) 0.17 | 1.15 (1.06–1.24) <0.001 | 1.08 (1.00–1.17) 0.04 |
| GCKR CC vs CT vs TT | 1.23 (0.79–1.91) 0.35 | 1.19 (0.75–1.90) 0.44 | 1.27 (0.72–2.25) 0.40 | 1.37 (0.74–2.52) 0.31 | 1.22 (0.87–1.73) 0.24 | 1.22 (0.85–1.76) 0.27 |
| PNPLA3 CC vs CG vs GG | 2.19 (1.08–4.45) 0.02 | 2.12 (1.02–4.41) 0.04 | 2.48 (1.05–5.83) 0.03 | 2.50 (1.03–6.05) 0.04 | 2.24 (1.31–3.83) 0.003 | 1.97 (1.11–3.51) 0.02 |
| NAS≥5 | ||||||
| Mean age – years | - | - | - | - | 1.01 (1.00–1.03) 0.05 | 0.99 (0.97–1.00) 0.79 |
| Females | 2.47 (1.30–4.69) 0.006 | 1.69 (0.83–3.42) 0.14 | 3.98 (1.83–8.64) <0.001 | 3.70 (1.62–8.47) 0.002 | 3.16 (1.97–5.06) <0.001 | 2.55 (1.51–4.31) <0.001 |
| Mean BMI – kg/m2 | 1.10 (1.03–1.18) 0.003 | 1.05 (0.97–1.13) 0.21 | 1.15 (1.05–1.25) 0.002 | 1.13 (1.02–1.25) 0.01 | 1.14 (1.09–1.21) <0.001 | 1.11 (1.04–1.17) 0.004 |
| HOMA-score | 1.38 (1.17–1.64) <0.001 | 1.28 (1.07–1.53) 0.005 | 1.14 (1.02–1.27) 0.01 | 1.03 (0.91–1.17) 0.54 | 1.24 (1.12–1.36) <0.001 | 1.13 (1.03–1.25) 0.01 |
| GCKR CC vs CT vs TT | 1.14 (0.75–1.73) 0.52 | 1.10 (0.69–1.75) 0.67 | 0.76 (0.46–1.27) 0.30 | 0.75 (0.43–1.30) 0.31 | 0.96 (0.71–1.29) 0.79 | 0.91 (0.65–1.26) 0.58 |
| PNPLA3 CC/CG vs GG | 3.62 (1.57–8.35) 0.002 | 3.06 (1.26–7.41) 0.01 | 2.49 (1.13–5.51) 0.02 | 2.31 (1.00–5.31) 0.04 | 2.54 (1.52–4.27) <0.001 | 2.15 (1.22–3.77) 0.008 |
| Fibrosis (0–1 versus 2–4) | ||||||
| Mean age – years | 1.03 (1.01–1.06) 0.001 | 1.03 (1.00–1.05) 0.02 | - | - | 1.02 (1.01–1.04) 0.001 | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) 0.28 |
| Females | 2.34 (1.28–4.29) 0.006 | 1.44 (0.68–3.03) 0.33 | 2.73 (1.30–5.71) 0.007 | 2.06 (0.86–4.91) 0.10 | 2.47 (1.55–3.93) <0.001 | 1.40 (0.80–2.45) 0.23 |
| Mean BMI – kg/m2 | 1.10 (1.03–1.18) 0.002 | 1.02 (0.94–1.11) 0.52 | 1.17(1.07–1.28) <0.001 | 1.12 (1.01–1.23) 0.02 | 1.12 (1.07–1.18) <0.001 | 1.05 (0.98–1.11) 0.10 |
| HOMA-score | 1.31 (1.14–1.52)<0.001 | 1.15 (1.00–1.32) 0.04 | 1.16 (1.03–1.32) 0.01 | 1.06 (0.91–1.23) 0.43 | 1.24 (1.12–1.36) <0.001 | 1.12 (1.01–1.23) 0.02 |
| Arterial hypertension | - | - | - | - | 1.93 (1.20–3.12) 0.007 | 1.36 (0.76–2.43) 0.29 |
| NAS≥5 | 7.83 (3.93–15.5) <0.001 | 7.05 (3.22–15.4) <0.001 | 5.58 (2.55–12.2) <0.001 | 4.43 (1.80–10.9) 0.001 | 5.06 (3.23–7.93) <0.001 | 4.09 (2.45–6.81) <0.001 |
| GCKR CC vs CT vs TT | 1.82 (1.18–2.81) 0.006 | 2.07 (1.22–3.49) 0.006 | 1.75 (1.10–2.76) 0.01 | 2.23 (1.31–3.82) 0.003 | 1.77 (1.30–2.44) <0.001 | 2.06 (1.43–2.98) <0.001 |
| PNPLA3 CC/CG vs GG | 1.47 (0.73–2.93) 0.27 | 0.62 (0.26–1.49) 0.29 | 1.94 (0.92–4.09) 0.07 | 1.32 (0.54–3.18) 0.53 | 1.67 (1.01–2.67) 0.04 | 1.03 (0.56–1.87) 0.92 |
Unadjusted and adjusted OR were presented for PNPLA3 and GCKR SNPs, and only for clinical, metabolic and histological variables significant at univariate analysis.
PNPLA3 and GCKR SNPs, when not significant, were forced into the models.