Table 2. Antibiotic use, treatment failures, and adverse events for study patients at baseline and during intervention Period 1 and Period 2.

				P value
Outcome	BaselineN = 200	Period 1N = 200	Period 2N = 200	Baseline-Period 1	Period 1-Period 2
Mean duration of therapy for cystitisa (days)	5.6	3.9	3.6	<.001	.17
Percentage of fluoroquinolone regimens for cystitis	44.4	14.5	12.9	<.001	.70
Unnecessary antibiotic days of therapy, total	250	119	52	<.001	<.001
Treatment failureb	22 (11.0)	14 (7.0)	17 (8.5)	.16	.58
Primary adverse eventsc	12 (6)	17 (8.5)	19 (9.5)	.66	.59
Other adverse eventsd	49 (24.5)	54 (27)	47 (23.5)	.54	.52

^aIncluding only trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin containing regimens.

^bA change in the initially prescribed UTI treatment regimen within 2 weeks of prescription due to clinical failure, isolation of a resistant organism, or adverse effects.

^cIncluding allergic reactions, gastrointestinal side effects, and vaginal yeast infections occurring within 8 weeks of treatment and felt to be related to the antibiotic prescribed for UTI.

^dIncluding return visits to the ED or other hospital sites for persistence of UTI symptoms or for additional treatment for alternative diagnoses related to UTI symptoms, missed STI diagnoses, or for treatment of a recurrent UTI (separate from initial UTI) occurring within 8 weeks of the initial ED visit.