Table 3. Outcome measures of the three year follow-up in children with and without physical activity intervention aimed at increasing physical activity, fitness and at reducing body fat and a cardiovascular risk score. Values at baseline and follow-up are unadjusted means (SD).

Outcome			Baseline	Follow up	Adjusted group difference at follow-up*
		n	mean (SD)	mean (SD)	Coefficient (95% CI)	Effect size	P value	ICC	dferr
Sum of 4 skinfolds (mm) b, d	INT	191	30.9 (11.4)	42.1 (19.3)	−0.076 (−0.222 to 0.069)	−0.23	0.30	<0.01	288
	CON	102	27.8 (10.5)	39.7 (22.3)
Aerobic fitness (stages) b	INT	181	5.3 (2.3)	6.8 (2.2)	0.373 (0.157 to 0.590)	0.62	0.001	0.02	276
	CON	100	5.4 (1.9)	6.2 (2.1)
TPA (cpm)	INT	89	729 (174)	544 (208)	0.320 (−0.012 to 0.651)	0.35	0.06	<0.01	140
	CON	56	796 (164)	569 (201)
MVPA (min/d)	INT	89	89.5 (27.8)	61.5 (28.1)	0.143 (−0.204 to 0.490)	0.16	0.42	0.01	140
	CON	56	98.9 (28)	66.9 (32.5)
QoL – physical	INT	136	54.8 (5.9)	53.8 (7.3)	0.910 (−1.473 to 3.293)	0.02	0.45	0.03	186
	CON	55	53.4 (7.1)	52.5 (7)
QoL – psychological	INT	136	53.3 (6.8)	53 (6.8)	1.424 (−0.661 to 3.509)	0.03	0.18	<0.01	186
	CON	55	53.4 (6.3)	51.7 (9.6)
BMI (kg/m2) a	INT	194	16.9 (2.2)	19.1 (2.8)	0.010 (−0.130 to 0.151)	0.03	0.88	<0.01	291
	CON	102	16.1 (2.1)	18.2 (3.3)
Cardiovascular risk score c	INT	145	−0.016 (0.466)	0.013 (0.512)	−0.003 (−0.208 to 0.201)	−0.02	0.98	0.29	193
	CON	53	0.013 (0.544)	−0.002 (0.545)
Waist circumference (cm) b	INT	189	56.8 (6.2)	64.7 (7.3)	−0.051 (−0.195 to 0.092)	−0.15	0.48	<0.01	286
	CON	102	55.3 (5.5)	63.3 (7.9)
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) c	INT	193	102.9 (8.9)	110.1 (10.8)	0.279 (−0.001 to 0.559)	0.57	0.05	0.17	289
	CON	101	101.2 (7.8)	105.3 (9.6)
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) c	INT	193	61.1 (7.7)	67 (7.9)	0.146 (−0.054 to 0.347)	0.45	0.15	0.11	289
	CON	101	60.4 (7.2)	64.4 (7.9)
Glucose (mmol/l) b	INT	140	4.5 (0.4)	4.8 (0.4)	−0.004 (−0.401 to 0.394)	0.00	0.99	0.16	182
	CON	47	4.5 (0.5)	4.7 (0.6)
HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) b, d	INT	145	1.6 (0.3)	1.5 (0.3)	0.147 (−0.154 to 0.449)	0.24	0.34	0.07	193
	CON	53	1.6 (0.3)	1.4 (0.4)
Triglycerides (mmol/l) b,d d	INT	141	0.6 (0.2)	0.8 (0.4)	0.143 (−0.265 to 0.550)	0.19	0.49	0.19	185
	CON	49	0.6 (0.3)	0.8 (0.4)

^*Differences in average change and 95% confidence intervals (CI) are the differences between intervention (INT) and controls (CON) after adjustment by mixed-model regression analysis for grade, gender, baseline value of the outcome and cluster (class). TPA = total physical activity; cpm = counts per minute; MVPA = moderate and vigorous physical activity, QoL = Quality of Life; BMI = body mass index; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; ICC = intracluster correlation coefficient; df_err = error degrees of freedom.

Z-Scores are based on ^aWHO references,

^binternal references,

^cCDC references,

^dln-transformed.