Table 4.
Fructosamine | Glycated albumin | 1,5-AG | CGM | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Timeframe of reflected average glycemia | 2–3 weeks | 2–3 weeks | 48 h to 2 weeks | 3–7 days |
Mechanism | Measures non-enzymatic reaction of glucose and serum protein (albumin) | Measures non-enzymatic reaction of glucose and serum protein (albumin) | Renal reabsorption competitively inhibited by glucose (negative correlation with average glycemia) | Measures interstitial glucose levels semi- continuously |
Conditions where may be most useful | Assessment of recent changes in average glycemia | End stage renal disease | Evaluation of post prandial glucose control | Evaluation of glycemic variability |
Conditions where results may be unreliable | Hypoproteinemia (including cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome) Uremia Lipemia |
Hypoproteinemia (including cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome) Uremia Lipemia |
Renal failure Pregnancy Chronic liver disease |
During periods of high glycemic variability Ingestion of: acetaminophen, ascorbic acid |
1,5-AG 1,5-anhydroglucitrol; CGM continuous glucose monitoring