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. 2013 Oct 19;29(2):305–311. doi: 10.1007/s11606-013-2651-6

Table 3.

UDT Results Among Chronic Opioid Therapy Patients in Each Study Year

UDT result Baseline year
N = 460 UDTs
n (%)
Planning year
N = 895 UDTs
n (%)
Implementation year
N = 3,445 UDTs
n (%)
Positive for 6-AM, amphetamine, cocaine, MDMA, methamphetamine, PCP, or THC 56 (12.2) 128 (14.3) 434 (12.6)
Positive for THC 43 (9.4) 106 (11.8) 381 (11.1)
Positive for cocaine 8 (1.7) 6 (0.7) 13 (0.4)
Positive for amphetamine 9 (2.0) 17 (1.9) 55 (1.6)
Positive for methamphetamine 1 (0.2) 6 (0.7) 7 (0.2)
Specimen too dilute to analyze* 34 (7.4) 53 (5.9) 151 (4.4)

6-AM 6-acetylmorphine (heroin); MDMA 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy); PCP phencyclidine; THC tetrahydrocannabinol (marijuana); UDT urine drug test

*Dilute urines can result from a variety of causes, including a purposeful attempt to make the results not analyzable