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Non-computational, conventional imaging methods implemented on consumer electronics devices. (a) Miniaturized fluorescence microscope. (b) Fiber optic fluorescence microscope on a digital camera for in vivo imaging. (c) Fluorescent microscopy on a cellphone. (d) Bright field microscopy and spectroscopy on a cellphone. Reprinted from refs. 40, 41, 42, and 43 with permission from Nature Publishing Group (a) and PLoS One (b–d), respectively.
