Table 1. Characteristics of included studies.
| Participants | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trials | Designs | Jadad Score | Total | Intervention group | Control group | Agent used, comparison group and duration | Treated with alpha-blocker before randomization | Outcome measures |
| Athanasopoulos [16] | RCT | 2 | 50 | 25 | 25 | tamsulosin 0.4 mg/day plus tolterodine 4 mg/day versus tamsulosin 0.4 mg/day for 3 months | tamsulosin 0.4 mg/day for 1 week | Qmax, PVR, maximum detrusor pressure during micturition, MCC, QOL, VFC, maximum unstable contraction pressure |
| Yang [18] | RCT | 2 | 69 | 33 | 36 | terazosin 2 mg/day plus tolterodine 4 mg/day versus terazosin 2 mg/day for 6 weeks | terazosin 2 mg/day for 1 week | Qmax, PVR, IPSS total, IPSS storage, IPSS voiding |
| MacDiarmid [17] | RCT | 3 | 418 | 209 | 209 | tamsulosin 0.4 mg/day plus oxybutynin 10 mg/day versus tamsulosin 0.4 mg/day plus placebo for 12 weeks | tamsulosin 0.4 mg/day for 4 weeks | Qmax, PVR, IPSS total, IPSS storage, QOL components of IPSS, SPI, AEs |
| Chapple [19] | RCT | 4 | 652 | 329 | 323 | alpha-blocker plus tolterodine 4 mg/day versus alpha-blocker plus placebo for 12 weeks | alpha-blocker for 1 month | Qmax, PVR, micturitions per 24 h, daytime micturitions, nocturnal micturitions, urgency episodes per 24 h, daytime urgency, nocturnal urgency, UUI episodes per 24 h, OABSS, AEs |
| Yamaguchi [14] | RCT | 4 | 638 | 210/213 | 215 | tamsulosin 0.2 mg/day plus solifenacin 2.5 mg versus tamsulosin 0.2 mg/day plus solifenacin 5.0 mg/day versus tamsulosin 0.2 mg/day plus placebo | tamsulosin for 6 weeks | Qmax, PVR, nocturia episodes, IPSS total, IPSS storage, IPSS voiding, IPSS post micturition symptom score, QOL components of IPSS, micturitions per 24 h, urgency episodes per 24 h, urgency incontinence episodes per 24 h, OABSS, AEs |
| Kaplan [15] | RCT | 4 | 397 | 202 | 195 | tamsulosin 0.4 mg/day plus solifenacin 5 mg/day versus tamsulosin 0.4 mg/day plus placebo | tamsulosin 0.4 mg/day for 4 weeks | PVR, IPSS total, IPSS storage, IPSS voiding, QOL scores, micturitions per 24 h, urgency episodes per 24 h, UPS, PPBC, AEs |
RCT, randomized controlled trial; Qmax, maximum urinary flow rate; PVR, post-void residual; MCC, maximum cystometric capacity; QOL, quality of life; VFC, volume at first contraction; IPSS, International Prostate Symptom Score; SPI, Symptom Problem Index; AEs, adverse events; UUI, urgency urinary incontinence; OABSS, Overactive Bladder Symptom Scores; UPS, Urgency Perception Scale; PPBC, Patient Perception of Bladder Condition.