Table 1.

Challenges to pharmacogenomic clinical implementation

Evidence of clinical utility and incremental value beyond current testing

Objective practice guidelines

Availability of genotyping performed in a CLIA-approved environment

Incorporation of genotype data in an electronic medical record

Pharmacy “alerts” based on genotypes for relevant drug-gene pairs

User-friendly decision-support software and tools

Insurance coverage of pharmacogenetic testing

Physician and patient perceptions

CLIA, Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments.