Panel A shows the observed variance explained
(R2, black line). Panel B shows a subset of
models that produced results consistent with the observed data. All yielded
similar estimates of the total variance explained by the SNPs that tag the
causal variants, VM, with a mean value of 34%. The seven
models were: (% SNPs, Mean GRR/variance explained (V) per causal allele,
LD, frequency model) M1: 6.25%, GRR=1.05,
r2 =1, empirical; M2:
25%, GRR=1.025, r2 =1, empirical;
M3: 12%, GRR=1.05, r2
<1, uniform; M4: 32%, GRR=1.04,
r2 <1, U-shaped; M5:
11%, V=0.00006, r2 =1, empirical;
M6: 25%, GRR(Exponential)=1.025,
r2 <1, uniform; M7:
100%, GRR(Exponential)=1.012, r2 <1,
uniform. Panel C shows four inconsistent models with fewer variants of larger
effect.