Table 2.
Criteria for assessing the methodological quality of the quantitative studies; the quality of studies with less than 15+ and 3 ± is insufficient
| Author(s) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | +/± | n fact |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mellard et al., 2007 [45] |
+ |
+ |
+ |
- |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
21+ |
6 |
| Madaus et al., 2003 [46] |
+ |
+ |
+ |
± |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
- |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
- |
19+/1± |
21 |
| Dickinson & Verbeek, 2002 [47] |
+ |
+ |
+ |
- |
- |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
± |
+ |
+ |
+ |
19+ / 1± |
15 |
| Rojewski, 1999 [48] |
+ |
+ |
+ |
- |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
- |
+ |
- |
+ |
+ |
- |
18+ |
10 |
| Madaus et al., 2008 [49] |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
- |
+ |
+ |
± |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
± |
- |
17+/2± |
29 |
| Curtis Breslin & Pole, 2009 [50] |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
± |
+ |
+ |
+ |
- |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
- |
+ |
+ |
+ |
- |
- |
17+/1± |
5 |
| Witte et al., 1998 [51] |
+ |
+ |
+ |
± |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
- |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
- |
+ |
- |
+ |
- |
- |
16+/1± |
7 |
| Vogel & Holt, 2003 [52] |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
- |
+ |
+ |
+ |
± |
± |
+ |
+ |
- |
+ |
- |
± |
+ |
+ |
16+/3± |
4 |
| Taylor & Walter, 2003 [53] |
+ |
+ |
+ |
- |
+ |
± |
+ |
+ |
- |
- |
+ |
+ |
- |
- |
+ |
+ |
- |
+ |
+ |
- |
+ |
+ |
14+/1± |
4 |
| Millward et al., 2005 [54] |
+ |
+ |
+ |
± |
- |
- |
+ |
+ |
- |
± |
± |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
- |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
- |
14+/3± |
6 |
| Ingesson, 2007 [55] |
+ |
+ |
± |
- |
± |
+ |
+ |
± |
- |
+ |
± |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
- |
+ |
+ |
+ |
- |
- |
13+/1± |
7 |
| Morris & Turnbull, 2007 [56] |
+ |
+ |
+ |
± |
+ |
+ |
± |
- |
- |
+ |
± |
+ |
± |
+ |
+ |
+ |
- |
+ |
+ |
+ |
- |
- |
13+/4± |
51 |
| Madaus et al., 2002 [57] |
+ |
+ |
± |
± |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
- |
+ |
- |
- |
± |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
± |
- |
± |
- |
12+/5± |
40 |
| Schulte-Körne et al., 2003 [58] |
+ |
+ |
+ |
- |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
- |
± |
- |
- |
± |
+ |
+ |
+ |
- |
+ |
± |
- |
- |
+ |
12+/3± |
3 |
| Chapman et al., 2003 [59] |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
- |
+ |
± |
± |
- |
+ |
- |
- |
+ |
± |
+ |
+ |
± |
+ |
- |
+ |
- |
- |
11+/4± |
8 |
| Magajna et al., 2003 [60] | + | + | + | ± | ± | + | + | + | - | + | - | - | - | + | - | + | - | - | - | - | ± | + | 10+/3± | 6 |
Legenda: 1. Title and abstract; Introduction: 2. Background/rationale; 3. Objectives; Methods: 4. Study design; 5. Setting; 6. Participants; 7. Variables; 8. Data sources/measurement; 9. Bias; 10. Study size; 11. Quantitative variables; 12. Statistical methods; Results: 13. Participants; 14. Descriptive data; 15. Outcome data; 16. Main results; 17. Other analyses; Discussion: 18. Key results; 19. Limitations; 20. Interpretation; 21. Generalisability; Other information: 22. Funding
(‘+’ = present; ‘-‘ = not present; ‘±’ = insufficiently described).