Table 3.
Mean activities of enzymatic antioxidants and mean levels of nonenzymatic antioxidants and malondialdehyde in hepatic tissue samples* from Wistar rats.
| Parameters tested | Group I (control) |
Group II hypercholesterolemic, saline treated |
Group III hypercholesterolemic, lovastatin treated |
Group IV hypercholesterolemic, Piper betle extract treated |
Group V hypercholesterolemic, eugenol treated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SOD | 7.1 ± 1.4 | 4.5 ± 0.5a | 5.0 ± 0.4ab | 5.3 ± 0.2a | 5.5 ± 0.3abc |
| CAT | 53.8 ± 3.5 | 40.1 ± 4.0a | 42.9 ± 3.2b | 43.8 ± 0.2ac | 44.6 ± 5.7abd |
| GPX | 31.3 ± 5.5 | 13.4 ± 1.1a | 20.8 ± 1.3ab | 21.5 ± 2.1ab | 22.4 ± 0.7ab |
| GST | 17.0 ± 4.4 | 8.4 ± 1.0a | 14.4 ± 1.8b | 14.5 ± 0.6abc | 14.7 ± 0.6abcd |
| GSH | 3.3 ± 0.1 | 2.0 ± 0.1a | 2.6 ± 0.1ab | 2.7 ± 0.1ab | 2.8 ± 0.1abd |
| VIT-C | 2.3 ± 1.4 | 1.6 ± 0.6a | 1.7 ± 0.8a | 1.9 ± 0.7ab | 1.8 ± 0.6abcd |
| VIT-E | 1.9 ± 1.2 | 1.0 ± 0.4a | 1.3 ± 0.6ab | 1.5 ± 0.1abc | 1.5 ± 0.7bcd |
| MDA | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 3.8 ± 0.4a | 1.8 ± 0.3ab | 2.0 ± 0.2abc | 1.6 ± 0.1acd |
*Sampling done 10 days after induction of hypercholesterolemia and 7 days after start of treatment.
Values represent the mean ± SD for observations made on five rats in each group.
Units: CAT—µmoles of H2O2 utilized/min/mg protein.
SOD—units/mg protein.
Gpx—µmoles of GSH oxidized/min/mg protein.
GST—µmoles of c-DNB formed/min/mg protein.
GSH—microgram of reduced glutathione/mg protein.
Vitamins C and E—micrograms/mg protein.
MDA—µmoles of MDA produced/mg protein.
Statistical analysis: one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), where significant, post hoc testing (least significant difference) done for intergroup comparisons.
CAT: catalase, SOD: superoxide dismutase, Gpx: glutathione peroxidase, GST: glutathione-S-transferase, GSH: reduced glutathione, MDA: malondialdehyde, H2O2: hydrogen peroxide, c-DNB: 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene.
aStatistically significant difference (P < 0.05) when compared with group I values.
bStatistically significant difference (P < 0.05) when compared with group II values.
cStatistically significant difference (P < 0.05) when compared with group III values.
dStatistically significant difference (P < 0.05) when compared with group IV values.