Figure 11.

Hydronephrosis without functional obstruction. Grayscale and color Doppler ultrasonogram of a 59-year-old woman with right flank pain demonstrate mild right hydronephrosis (A) and hydroureter (yellow arrow) (B) ureteric jet (C) (white arrow) in the bladder. No calculus was seen on computed tomography of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder done at the same time. Thus, this likely represents a recently passed calculus or vesico-ureteric reflux and hydronephrosis without functional obstruction is present. (C) The utility of Doppler imaging to assess for functional obstruction by assessing the ureteric jet. When the bolus of urine being transmitted through the ureter reaches the terminal portion, it is ejected forcefully into the bladder through the vesicoureteric junction. This creates a jet of urine that can be seen within the urinary bladder on grayscale and color Doppler ultrasonography (white arrow; jet appears red). LNG, longitudinal; MED, medial.