Table 2.
Prevalence and nonadherence rates of medications grouped by indication
| Medication Groups of Interest | Groups Using Medication Overall (N=558) | CKD Stage | Nonadherence Past 7 Days | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| II (n=127) | IIIa (n=143) | IIIb (n=189) | IV (n=99) | P Value | |||
| Treatment of CKD-specific comorbidities | |||||||
| ACEI and/or ARB | 295 (53) | 67 (53) | 69 (48) | 98 (52) | 61 (62) | 0.20 | 52 (18) |
| Active vitamin D | 206 (37) | 8 (6) | 41 (29) | 90 (48) | 67 (68) | <0.001a | 26 (13) |
| Iron preparations | 166 (30) | 19 (15) | 38 (27) | 64 (34) | 45 (45) | <0.001a | 24 (14) |
| Alkali therapy | 163 (29) | 15 (12) | 32 (22) | 72 (38) | 44 (44) | <0.001a | 38 (23) |
| Vitamin and mineral supplements | 126 (23) | 28 (22) | 25 (17) | 40 (21) | 33 (33) | 0.06a | 18 (14) |
| Phosphate binders | 114 (20) | 11 (9) | 15 (10) | 44 (23) | 44 (44) | <0.001a | 30 (26) |
| Other BP medicationsb | 106 (19) | 19 (15) | 17 (12) | 38 (20) | 32 (32) | <0.001a | 17 (16) |
| Erythrocyte stimulating agents | 75 (13) | 3 (2) | 10 (7) | 26 (14) | 36 (36) | <0.001a | 6 (8) |
| Growth hormone | 65 (12) | 5 (4) | 5 (4) | 35 (19) | 20 (20) | <0.001a | 16 (25) |
| Diuretics | 38 (7) | 5 (4) | 4 (3) | 12 (6) | 17 (17) | <0.001a | 7 (18) |
| Vitamin D | 25 (4) | 3 (2) | 5 (4) | 13 (7) | 4 (4) | 0.21 | 4 (16) |
| Lipid medications | 17 (3) | 1 (<1) | 3 (2) | 6 (3) | 7 (7) | 0.01a | 4 (24) |
| Nutritional supplements | 12 (2) | 1 (<1) | 2 (1) | 5 (3) | 4 (4) | 0.07 | 6 (50) |
| Potassium binders | 5 (<1) | 0 (0) | 1 (<1) | 1 (<1) | 3 (3) | 0.04a | 0 (0) |
| Treatment of underlying kidney disease | |||||||
| Bladder medications | 65 (12) | 8 (6) | 9 (6) | 40 (21) | 8 (8) | 0.02a | 14 (22) |
| Noncorticosteroid immunosuppressants | 42 (8) | 15 (12) | 12 (8) | 11 (6) | 4 (4) | 0.02a | 8 (19) |
| Corticosteroids | 36 (6) | 12 (9) | 8 (6) | 11 (6) | 5 (5) | 0.19 | 2 (6) |
| Other treatment of kidney diseasec | 23 (4) | 4 (3) | 3 (2) | 12 (6) | 4 (4) | NA | NA |
| Symptom control | |||||||
| Antacids | 54 (10) | 13 (10) | 15 (10) | 15 (8) | 11 (11) | 0.87 | 7 (13) |
| Laxatives and stool softeners | 33 (6) | 8 (6) | 10 (7) | 9 (5) | 6 (6) | 0.68 | 4 (12) |
| Other symptom control medicationsc | 64 (11) | 12 (9) | 18 (13) | 26 (14) | 8 (8) | NA | NA |
| Non-CKD–related medications | |||||||
| Antibacterial agents | 160 (29) | 31 (24) | 34 (24) | 67 (35) | 28 (28) | 0.11 | NA |
| Asthma/allergy medications | 42 (8) | 12 (9) | 12 (8) | 9 (5) | 9 (9) | 0.48 | NA |
| Other non-CKD–related medicationsc | 78 (14) | 20 (16) | 18 (13) | 22 (12) | 18 (18) | NA | NA |
Reported P values are based on the Cochran–Armitage trend test. ACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; NA, not applicable.
a
P is significant at the α=0.05 level.
b
Includes BP control medications other than ACEIs, ARBs, and diuretics.
c
Medication groups with overall prevalence <5% were conglomerated and reported as “other” for each category. Trends across CKD stage were not calculated for “other” medication groups.